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Endocrinology > Neck Lumps > Flashcards

Neck Lumps Flashcards

1
Q

what are the division of the neck

A

midline, anterior triangle, posterior triangle

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2
Q

what divides the anterior and posterior triangles

A

the sternocloidomastoid

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3
Q

what are the boundaries of the anterior triangle

A

bounded by mandible superiorly, midline medially, anterior border SCM laterally

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4
Q

what are the boundaries of the posterior triangle

A

SCM anteriorly, trapezius laterally, clavicle inferiorly

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5
Q

what can cause a midline swelling

A

thyroid, thyroglossal cyst, dermoid cyst

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6
Q

what swelling moves when you stick out your tongue

A

thyroglossal cyst

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7
Q

what can cause anterior triangle swellings

A

lymph nodes, branchial cyst, salivary glands, carotid body tumours

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8
Q

what can cause posterior triangle swellings

A

lymph nodes, cystic hygroma

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9
Q

when does thyroid move

A

when swallowing

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10
Q

what is the most common cause of neck swellings

A

lymph nodes

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11
Q

what can cause cervical lymphadenopathy

A

infection, malignant, haematological (leukaemia, lymphoma)

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12
Q

what else should you look for in lymohadenopathy

A

other nodes, primary sites, hepatosplenomegaly

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13
Q

when does a thyroglossal cyst present usually

A

in teenage years

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14
Q

what is a dermoid cyst

A

rare congenital cyst, soft, nonfluctuant

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15
Q

when do dermoid cysts present

A

in teenage years

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16
Q

what is a branchial cyst

A

persisting second branchial arch

arises in upper part of anterior triangle

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17
Q

when do branchial cysts present

A

in teenage years

18
Q

what is a cystic hygroma

A

majority present in 1st year of life, lymph filled cystm causes pressure symptoms

19
Q

what can cause a swelling in the submandibular salivary glands

A

stone, pleomorphic adenoma

20
Q

what can cause a swelling in the parotid salivary glands

A

infective, pleomorphic adenoma, stone

21
Q

are the majority of solitary thyroid nodules malignant or benign

A

95% benign

22
Q

how common are solitary thyroid nodules

A

5% of women will develop them

23
Q

when would a history make you worry about a solitary thyroid nodule

A

FH of thyroid carcinoma

previous neck irradiation

24
Q

what might suppressed TSH suggest in a solitary thyroid nodule

A

solitary toxic adenoma

25
Q

what can classify nodules as to whether they are benign, indeterminate or suspicious

A

USS (Thy 1 inadquate, 2 benign, 3 suspicious, 4/5 malignant)

26
Q

what is the treatment for benign solitary thyroid nodules

A

leave alone

27
Q

what is the treatment for suspicious/ malignant solitary thyroid nodules

A

surgery- thyroid lobectomy/ total thyroidectomy

28
Q

what superficial structures can cause neck lumps

A

sebaceous cysts
lipoma
neurofibroma
carbuncle (cluster or boils under the skin)

29
Q

what is a dermoid cyst

A

abnormal growth containing epidemis, hair follicles, sebaceous glands- derived from residual embryonic cells

30
Q

what are the three commonest causes of a midline lump

A

thyroid swelling
thyroglossal cyst
dermoid cyst

31
Q

what is a cystic hygroma

A

fluid filled sac resulting from a block in the lymph system

32
Q

what is the embryological origin layer of:

carbuncles

A

ectoderm

33
Q

what is the embryological origin layer of:

cystic hygroma

A

mesoderm

34
Q

what is the embryological origin layer of:

dermoid cyst

A

ectoderm

35
Q

what is the embryological origin layer of:

brachial cyst

A

mesoderm

36
Q

what is the embryological origin layer of:

thryoid

A

endoderm

37
Q

what is the embryological origin layer of:

thyroglossal cyst

A

endoderm

38
Q

what is the embryological origin layer of:

neurofibroma

A

ectoderm

39
Q

what should you note about a neck lump when examining it

A

position, size, shape, mobility, consistency, associated lymphadenopathy

40
Q

what is the onset of a mulitnodular goitre

A

slow- years

41
Q

what are hormones like in thyroiditis

A

T4 raised
TSH suppressed
fT3 raised

42
Q

what are homones like in MNG (non toxic) and idiopathic goitres

A

neutral

Endocrinology (46 decks)

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