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Endocrinology > Buzzwords and Drugs > Flashcards

Buzzwords and Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

what drugs increase prolactin- cause gynacomastiae

A

metoclopramide (+ all dopamine agonists)

chlorpromazine oestrogens

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2
Q

what drugs cause hyperthyroidism

A

iodine

amiodarone

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3
Q

what drugs cause hypothyroidism

A

lithium

amiodarone

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4
Q

what drugs cause inappropriate ADH secretion

A

chlorpropamide

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5
Q

what drugs cause hypoandrenalism

A

ketoconazole
metyrapone
aminoglutethimide

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6
Q

what drugs cause ovarian and testicular failure

A

chemo

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7
Q

what drugs mimic thyrotoxicosis or phaeochromocytoma

A

sympathomimetics

amphetamines

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8
Q

what drugs cause increased mineralocorticoid activity

A

liquorice

carbenoxolone

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9
Q

what drugs cause hypokalaemia

A

purgatives

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10
Q

what drugs cause secondary hypoaldosteronism

A

ACE I

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11
Q

what drugs bind to TBG- decrease total T4

A

anti convulsants

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12
Q

what drugs raise TBG and CBG- increasing total T4/cortisol

A

oestrogens

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13
Q

what drugs cause cushings

A

steroids

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14
Q

what drugs cause diabetes

A

steroids

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15
Q

what drugs cause hypercalaemia

A

vit D preparations

milk and alkali preparations

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16
Q

what drugs cause hypogylcaemia

A

insulin

sulfonylureas

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17
Q

Catecholamines in urine, headaches, hypertension and palpitations

A

phaeochromocytoma

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18
Q

Tanned skin without being on holiday

A

addisons

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19
Q

spade hands, increased shoe size, wedding ring doesnt fit

A

acromegaly

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20
Q

Signs of hyperthyroidism plus eye changes, gritty eyes, smooth velvety skin

A

graves

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21
Q

Moon face, proximal weakness, stretch marks, buffalo hump, abdo fat

A

cushings

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22
Q

Ketones on breath (sweet smelling/pear drop breath)

A

DKA

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23
Q

Deep, laboured breathing (kussmaul breathing)

A

metabolic acidosis (especially DKA)

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24
Q

orphan annie nuclei

A

papillary thryoid cancer

25
Q

Bone pain, stones, abdo pain, psychiatric problems (bones, stones, groans, moans)

A

hypercalcaemia- hyperparathyroidism

26
Q

Psammoma bodiea

A

are found in papillary thyroid carcinomas

27
Q

butterfly rash

A

SLE

28
Q

heat intolerance/ palpitations

A

hyperthyroidism

29
Q

cold intolerance/ weight gain

A

hypothyroidism

30
Q

ansomnia and isolated GnRH deficiency

A

kallmans syndrome

31
Q

Trousseau sign, chovstek sign and QT prolongation (on ECG)

A

hypocalcaemia

32
Q

what is the acute management of hypocalcaemia

A

IV calcium gluconate

33
Q

Brachydactyly of 4th metacarpal

A

pseudohypoparathyroidism

34
Q

what is kallmans syndrome

A

genetic isolated gonadotropin releasing hormone deficiency
often with ansomia and colour blindness
failure to start puberty/ fully complete it

a.k.a hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism

35
Q

what is a cranipharyngioma

A

Originates from rathke’s pouch between pituitary and 3rd ventricle floor
Rare, although most common childhood intracranial tumour, present with growth failure

36
Q

how does a craniopharyngioma present (in adults)

A 
amernorrhoea
decreased libido
DI
hyperphagia
sleep disturbance
37
Q

what is robson mendenhall syndrome

A

o Rare, autosomal recessive genetic trait, seen in children
o Severe insulin resistance (decreased protein synthesis, glucose uptake, lipogenesis, glycogen synthesis)
o Developmental abnormalities (head, face and nails), acanthosis nigricans, fasting hypoglycaemia, post prandial hyperglycaemia
o Diabetic ketoacidosis

38
Q

what inheritance is MODY

A

AD

39
Q

is MODY insulin dependent

A

no

40
Q

what causes MODY

A

caused by mutations in autosomal dominant gene disrupting insulin production
“Monogenic diabetes” – genetic defects of beta-cell function

41
Q

what type of diabetes is MODY

A

type 2

42
Q

what is LADA

A

latent autoimmune diabetes of adults

o High blood sugar, low c peptide and raised antibodies
o Insulin treatment needed

43
Q

what is gestational diabetes

A

o Hyperglycaemia during pregnancy (especially during their third trimester)
o Insulin receptors don’t function properly so more glucose does to the baby

44
Q

what are the complications and treatments for gestational diabetes

A

o Neonate can develop hypoglycaemia (mother has hyperglycaemia, and the baby becomes used to high levels of sugar, therefore increased insulin production by baby’s pancreas)
o 1st line treatment is insulin

can also have big baby

45
Q

how do thyroid hormones affect the nervous system

A

increase responsiveness to adrenaline and sympathetic NS
o Increase force and rate of heart contraction
o why beta blockers are prescribed for control of sympathomimetic symptoms

46
Q

what can cause hypercalcaemia

A

primary hyperparathyroidism
malignancy
granulomatous disease (sarcoid, TB)

47
Q

what can cause hypocalcaemia

A

hypoparathyroidism

48
Q

what are the signs of hypocalcaemia (and treatment)

A

 Muscle cramps
 Chvostek’s sign
 Trosseau’s sign
o Treat with calcium supplements

49
Q

what is the waist to hip ratio of central obesity

A

> 0.9 in men

>0.85 in females

50
Q

what does distal neuropathy feel like

A

warm dry feet

dilated vessels and diminished ability to sweat

51
Q

what can cause optic atrophy

A

compression by a pituitary tumour

52
Q

why must insulin be given IV

A

as deactivated by GI enzymes

53
Q

what are the insulin sick day rules

A

dont stop insulin (stress hormones make BG rise)

54
Q

what will a thryoid isotope scan show in thyroid cancer

A

a cold area

55
Q

what are the BG levels for impaired fasting glucose

A

6.1-7

56
Q

what are the BG levels for impaired glucose tolerance

A

7.8-11

57
Q

what is a carcinoid tumour

A

slow growing neuroendocrine tumour found in mid gut to iluem and the respiratory tract

58
Q

what are the clinical features of a carcinoid tumour

A

flushing, diarrhoea, abdo cramps, dizziness, peripheral oedema, tricuspid stenosis

59
Q

what is the treatment for a carcinoid tumour

A

somatostatin analogues
octreotide
lancreotide

Endocrinology (46 decks)

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