Treatment

Question 1

traditional therapy approach

Answer 1

• Focused on fixing problem
• Assumes patient is motivates
• Ambivalence means person is in denial
• Advise, warn, persuade
• Paternalistic
• Goals are prescribed
• Resistance met with correction

Question 2

motivational interviewing approach

Answer 2

• Focused on patient’s concerns and perspectives
• Matches intervention to patient level
• Ambivalence = normal part of change process
• Emphasizes personal choice
• Egalitarian
• Goals are collaboratively set
• Resistance is interpersonal pattern influenced by provider behaviour

Question 3

stages of change model

Answer 3

• Pre-contemplation
• Contemplation
• Preparation
• Action
• Either maintenance or relapse

Question 4

what is motivational interviewing?

Answer 4

• A directive, client-centred method for enhancing intrinsic motivation to change by exploring and resolving ambivalence
• • Solicits information from client about why they want to make the change rather than just telling them why they should
• When a person feels accepted for who they are and what they do —no matter how unhealthy— it allows them the freedom to consider change rather than needing to defend against it

Question 5

4 basic principles of motivational interviewing

Answer 5

• Express empathy
• Develop discrepancy
• Roll with resistance
• Support self-efficacy

Question 6

importance and confidence rulers

Answer 6

• Used to help solicit information about client re: why they want to change, what obstacles they have to face, how confident they are, etc.
• • How important is it to eat healthy on a scale of 0 to 10?
• • How confident are you that you can eat better?
• • What would it take to get to a 10?
• • How come you are not at a 2?

Question 7

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy

Answer 7

• Thoughts, physical sensations, emotions, and behaviours are linked
• • Ex. Missing bus -> thoughts: “I’m so stupid, why didn’t I wake up earlier” -> emotions: sadness -> physical sensations: feeling upset -> behaviour: cry
• CBT model intervenes with thoughts to try and change behaviour

Question 8

Public health perspective

Answer 8

• Tax increases (ex. Liquor tax)
• Restricted access
• Bans on advertising (ex. Can’t advertise to children)
• Information and warnings
• Consequences for behaviour
• Nudging (moving people towards behavioural change in a way that isn’t overt)