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SFU 205 > Midterm 2 (Part 1) > Flashcards

Midterm 2 (Part 1) Flashcards

1
Q

Mechanoreceptors are for ______.

A

Touch

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2
Q

Nocireceptors are for ________ and ________.

A

Pain and Itch

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3
Q

pH, Na+, O2 will activate _________.

A

Chemoreceptors

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4
Q

Gravity and pressure will activate _________.

A

Mechanoreceptors

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5
Q

Light will activate _________.

A

Photoreceptors

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6
Q

Receptor potential is ________. It will either ___________ or __________.

A

Passive
Depolarize
Hyperpolarize

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7
Q

____________ stimulus is the minimum stimulus needed to produce an ______cellular response. It releases a ____________ or fires an _________________.

A

Threshold
Intra
Neurotransmitter
AP

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8
Q

Olfactory receptors are actually ____________.

A

Neurons

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9
Q

Free nerve endings express ____ channels sensitive to ______ or ____________. These have _____ responses.

A

Ion
Pain
Touch
Slow

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10
Q

Enclosed nerve endings have layers of ____________ tissue. These have _____ responses.

A

Connective

Fast

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11
Q

Sensory neurons use ___ frequency and burst ___________.

A

AP (Intensity)

Duration

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12
Q

Secondary neurons have ____________ collaterals that project to neighbouring neurons.

A

Inhibitory

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13
Q

______ receptors are slowly adapting receptors at respond for the duration of the stimulus.

A

Tonic

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14
Q

What are the 5 sensory receptor types?

A 
1 Free nerve endings (Temperature)
2 Meissner's corpuscles (Flutter)
3 Pacinian corpuscles (Vibration)
4 Ruffini corpuscles (Stretch)
5 Merkel's discs (Pressure)
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15
Q

Olfactory system pathway

A

Air ➡️ Nasal cavity (Cranial nerve 1) ➡️ Olfactory bulb ➡️ Olfactory tract ➡️ Olfactory cortex ➡️ Cerebrum or Limbic System

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16
Q

Odorant receptor proteins are all ________.

A

GPCRs

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17
Q

Signal transduction of Olfactory System (Smell)

A

G(olf) ➡️ AC ➡️ cAMP ➡️ Cyclic Nucleotide-gated Na+ channels ➡️ AP at hillock

*Inward Na+ influx, DEPOLARIZATION

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18
Q

Taste ligands create ___ signals that release __________ or ATP.

A

Ca2+

Serotonin

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19
Q

Type I support cells ______ salt, and ________ cells structurally and biochemically.

A

Sense

Support

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20
Q

Type II cells express __________.

A

Receptors

21
Q

Presynaptic cells (Type III) release neurotransmitters onto primary sensory neurons. They’re sensitive to __.

A

pH

22
Q

Sweet/Umami/Bitter ligand activate the __________ GPCR. Ca2+ signal triggers ATP formation. ___ is released. Primary sensory neuron fires and AP’s are sent to the brain.

A

Gustducin

ATP

23
Q

Sour ligand activate __. Ca2+ signal triggers __________. The nt __________ is released. Primary sensory neuron fires and AP’s are sent to the brain.

A

H+
Exocytosis
Serotonin

24
Q

What is the order?

1 Incus
2 Stapes
3 Malleus

A

3, 1, 2

25
Q

The Vestibular and Tympanic ducts have _____________. The Cochlear has _____________ which contains ⬆️ __.

A

Perilymph
Endolymph
K+

26
Q

Fluid waves from the oval window cause the hair cells to _____ and ion channels _____ which creates an electrical signal that alters _____________ release.

A

Bend
Open
Neurotransmitter

27
Q

What part of the ear contains the hair cells?

A

Organ of Corti

28
Q

When stereocilia bend, they cause _____________ to open/close gated ion channels. This allows for ____ or ___ flow.

A

Tip links
Ca2+
K+

29
Q

At the BASE of the basilar membrane, there is ____ frequency.

A

High

30
Q

At the APEX of the basilar membrane, there is ____ frequency.

A

Low

31
Q

Auditory information is routed through the ___________.

A

Thalamus

32
Q

To see close up, the eye must become ___________ due to ________________. As an object moves farther, the lens ___________ which pull on the ligaments.

A

Rounder
Accommodation
Flatten

33
Q

The ___________ epithelium absorb extra __________. They also ____________ old disks at the tips.

A

Pigment
Light
Phagocytose

34
Q

The point of absolute fine focus occurs in the ___________.

A

Macula

35
Q

What is the pathway of light to the eye?

A

Rods and Cones ➡️ Bipolar neuron ➡️ Ganglion cell ➡️ Fire AP (optic nerve)

36
Q

Rods are responsible for ___ light and _______ vision. _____________ is a signal transducer. ______ is the GPCR. ___________ is the visual pigment.

A 
Low
Night
Rhodopsin
Olson
Retinal
37
Q

Cones are responsible for _______ vision and _______ vision. Cone opsin respond to ____________. Light _____________ these cells.

A

Sharp
Colour
RBG
Hyperpolarize

38
Q

_______________ from Cis ➡️ Trans causes it to _________ which transduces the intracellular receptor activating the G-protein, ___________.

A

Photoisomerization
Unkink
Transducin

39
Q

The neurotransmitter used for phototransduction in Rods is ______________.

A

Glutamate

40
Q

The NeuroMuscular Junction consist of _____________, motor end plates, ______________, mitochondria.

A

Axon terminals

Schwann cell sheaths

41
Q

Sarcolemma is the _______________ of the muscle.

A

Plasma membrane

42
Q

Order the Skeletal Muscle group from greatest to least.

A 
1 Skeletal muscle
2 EPImysium
3 Muscle fascicle
4 PERImysium
5 Muscle fiber
6 ENDOmysium
7 Myofibril
8 Actin + Myosin
43
Q

Calcium binds to ___________.

A

Troponin

44
Q

Nebulin and Titin are structural proteins. Nebulin helps _________ actin, and Titin ___________ myosin.

A

Align

Stabilizes

45
Q

The contractile proteins of muscle are ___________ and ___________.

A

Actin

Myosin

46
Q

The regulatory proteins of muscle are ___________ and _______________.

A

Troponin

Tropomysosin

47
Q

In darkness, rods ____________ to -40mV.

A

Depolarize

48
Q

In light, rods ____________ to -70mV.

A

Hyperpolarize

SFU 205 (5 decks)

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