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Physiology exam 4 > Gastro basics > Flashcards

Gastro basics Flashcards

1
Q

Aldosterone-sensitive luminal Na+ channel

A

increases Na+ absorption

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2
Q

distention of the stomach

A

causes a neural reflex, which increases the neural input and ACh secretion

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3
Q

The final digestive products of lipids

A

monoglycerides, cholesterol, lysolecithin and free fatty acids

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4
Q

crypts of Lieberkϋhn function

A

maintain fluidity of chyme and dilute noxious substances

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5
Q

stimulant for the intestinal phase

A

distention and protein digestion products

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6
Q

laxatives and Cl- secretion

A

Ca2+

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7
Q

what does somatostatin inhibit

A

G cell secretion, enterochromaffin cell secretion, and parietal cell secretion

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8
Q

3 layered Smooth muscle

A

Outer longitudinal muscle
Inner circular muscle
Muscularis mucosa

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9
Q

how do most water soluble vitamins cross into the epithelial cell of the jejunum

A

Na+ cotransport

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10
Q

The final digestive products of proteins

A

amino acids dipeptides, tripeptides

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11
Q

treatment or condition that removes or inactivates inhibitory motor neurons results

A

in tonic contracture and continuous uncoordinated contractile activity of the circular muscle

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12
Q

stimulant for the cephalic phase

A

sight smell and taste of food

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13
Q

peptides and amino acids from food

A

stimulate g cells to produce gastrin which then stimulate enterochromaffin cells to secrete histamine

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14
Q

Orad stomach Contractile Activity

A

tonic

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15
Q

facilitated diffusion in carb absorption

A

fructose

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16
Q

what do enterochromaffin cells secrete

A

histamine

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17
Q

CCK in the stomach

A

inhibits emptying

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18
Q

chief cell (pepsin and gastric lipase secretions)

A

stimulus ACH, acid and secretin

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19
Q

Na/K/Cl tritransproter on basolateral membrane

A

Crypts

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20
Q

Na+-glucose cotransport

A

carbs

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21
Q

colon Transport of Na+, K+, Cl- and HCO3-

A

active absorbed, net secterion, absorbed, secreted in exchange for cl-

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22
Q

D cells secrete

A

somatostatin

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23
Q

Bile salts actively reabsorbed in

A

ileum, enterohepatic circulation

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24
Q

partial cells are stimulated by

and inhibited by

A

ACH and histamine (gastrin indirectly)

somatostatin

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25
Q

stimulant for the gastric phase

A

distention and protein digestion products

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26
Q

secretin stimulus

A

acid entering the duodenum

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27
Q

which water soluble vitamin can cross by simple diffusion

A

B6 pyridoxine

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28
Q

CCK in the pancreas

A

stimulates enzyme secretin

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29
Q

Feedback from duodenal overload

A

inhibition of Gastric Secretions and Motility

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30
Q

Na+-galactose cotransport

A

carbs

31
Q

H+is secreted in gastric phase

A

via H+-K+ATPase

32
Q

segmentation

A

intestine

33
Q

carbonic anhydrase

A

CO2 and H20 uses carbonic anhydrase to make H2CO3 that can then dissociate into H+ and HCO3-

34
Q

immune cell products and Cl- secretion

A

cAMP

35
Q

Deranged Motility causing Diarrhea

A

If food moves too quickly through the GI tract, there is not enough time for sufficient nutrients and water to be absorbed

36
Q

Cl- secretion requires activation

A

calcium or cAMP.

37
Q

Ach and Cl- secretion

A

cAMP

38
Q

Pancreatic Secretions neutralize

A

the acid being emptied from the stomach

39
Q

Disaccharides

A 
Sucrose
Maltose
Lactose
Trehalose
Digestion begins in intestine
40
Q

Myenteric plexus

A

circular muscle, longitudinal muscle

41
Q

primary event of gastric phase is

A

HCl release

42
Q

GLUT 2 transporter

A

glucose fructose and galactose

43
Q

Main electrolyte secreted

A

Chloride

44
Q

Large Intestinal (Colonic) Motility

A

Segmentation Contractions, peristalsis, and mass movements

45
Q

Pancreatic enzymes are required for

A

triglyceride, CHO, and protein digestion

46
Q

Extrinsic

A

Can modulate the enteric NS

47
Q

secretin in the pancreas

A

stimulates HCO3 secretion

48
Q

VIP and Cl- secretion

A

Ca2+

49
Q

osmotic diarrhea

A

Buildup of lactose in GI lumen holds water with it

50
Q

Ductal cells

A

receptors for secretin, CCK, and ACh

stimulate an alkaline secretion

51
Q

CCK stimulus

A

Fat and amino acids entering duodenum

52
Q

Infectious/Inflammatory Diarrhea

A

associated with widespread destruction of absorptive epithelium

53
Q

Acinar cells

A

receptors for CCK and ACH

stimulates enzyme secretion

54
Q

a hyperirritable state

A

Achalsia
Hirschsprung’s disease
Fecal incontinence

55
Q

food in the stomach does what

A

buffers and raises the ph, inhibiting somatostatin

56
Q

ileum Transport of Na+, K+, Cl- and HCO3-

A

active absorbed, passively absorbed, absorbed, secreted in exchange for cl-

57
Q

secretin in the stomach

A

inhibits

58
Q

Na+-amino acid cotransport

A

proteins

59
Q

Net absorption: NaCl where

A

ileum

60
Q

H+-di/tripeptide cotransport

A

proteins

61
Q

how is HCO3- absorbed in the blood

A

Cl- leaves via Cl- channels and then via the Cl- HCO3 exchanger in gastric venous blood after a meal HCO3- is absorbed

62
Q

Submucosal plexus

A

epithelium, lamina propria, submucosa

63
Q

Cl- channel (CFTR) on luminal membrane

A

Crypts

64
Q

calmodulin

A

acts as troponin in smooth muscle

65
Q

Net absorption: NaHCO3 where

A

jejum

66
Q

inter digestive period Motility

A

Migrating Motility Complex

67
Q

lipid absorption occurs via

A

micelles and chylomicrons in the jejunum

68
Q

jejunum Transport of Na+, K+, Cl- and HCO3-

A

active absorbed, passively absorbed, absorbed, absorbed

69
Q

where is water absorbed

A
  1. Duodeum/jejunum
  2. Ileum
  3. Colon
70
Q

ACh stimulates

A

Parietal cells to secrete HCl
ECL cells to secrete histamine
G cells to secrete gastrin

71
Q

Peristalsis

A

Esophagus
Stomach
Intestine

72
Q

jejum sodium absorption

A

Na+-coupled sugar/amino acid absorption
Na+-H+ countertransport
Na+ diffusion

73
Q

bacterial endotoxins and Cl- secretion

A

cAMP

Physiology exam 4 (10 decks)

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