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Physiology exam 4 > review ppt > Flashcards

review ppt Flashcards

1
Q

what capillaries are the osmotic exchangers

A

the vasa recta, speacialize peritubular capillaries

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2
Q

Sympathetic nerves and RBF

A

binding to alpha receptors in the afferent arterioles, reduce radius, decrease pressure in the GC, cause a decrease in GFR and RBF

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3
Q

what regulation is important in hemorrhages

A

sympathetic nerves on afferent arterioles

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4
Q

ANG II

A

act on both the efferent and affect arteriole but the effect is bigger on the efferent reduced the radius, Vasoconstriction, Pressure builds up GFR increase but RBF is reduced

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5
Q

controlling the RPF and GFR is done though

A

controlling the resistance of the afferent arteriole

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6
Q

hydrostatic pressure

A

in the GC favors

in the BC opposes

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7
Q

oncotic pressure

A

in the GC opposes

in the BC favors

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8
Q

Na+ cotransporter location in nephron

A

proximal convoluted tubule,

co transporters for amino acids, glucose, P/L/C

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9
Q

prostaglandins

A

increase GFR and RBF protective
vasodilation of the afferent arteriole
increase pressure increase GFR increase RBF

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10
Q

dopamine

A

D1 D3 D5
increase GFR and RBF protective
vasodilation of the afferent arteriole
increase pressure increase GFR increase RBF

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11
Q

what do you administer in shock

A

dopamine

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12
Q

other vasodilators

A

NO ANP

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13
Q

increase in mean article pressure

A

increase in GC pressure increased GFR increased RBF

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14
Q

NA handeling

A

67% in the PCT, 25% in the TAL, 5% in DCT, less than 1% excreted

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15
Q

late proximal tubule

A

high Cl- concretion , drives Cl- into the blood, formate into the lumen
Na is exchanged for hydrogen
NA, Cl- escapes pericellular

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16
Q

Na2ClK transporter

A

in thick ascending limb

17
Q

Descending thin limb

A

passive to water, NaCL and urea
H20 move out and NaCl to concentrate match ICF
very water permeable

18
Q

Ascending thin limb

A

Passive permeability to NaCl, urea

19
Q

what does furosemide do

A

blocks the Na2ClK transporter

20
Q

DCT

A

NaCl transporter

H2O impermeable

21
Q

increased aldosterone

A

increased sodium reabsorption

22
Q

what cause K to be excreted

A

too much dietary K+
aldosterone
acid bade
flow rate

23
Q

faster flow rate

A

increases secretion of K+

24
Q

what stimulates renin

A

when we need to increase Na+ reabsorption (low BP)

25
Q

Angiotensin (II)

A

protein that constricts efferent arteriole
increases GFR
decreases RBF
stimulates aldosterone release

26
Q

what stimulates ANG II

A

when we need to increase Na+ reabsorption

27
Q

Atrial natriuretic peptide

A

vasodilates, decreases sodium reabsorption in the collecting duct by blocking EnaC in principal cell in the late distal tubule and collecting duct

28
Q

Thiazide diuretics

A

block the NA Cl cotransporter in the early distal tubule

29
Q

Aldosterone

A

increases Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion by stimulating ENaC and Na+-K+ ATPase in distal nephron

30
Q

dopamine

A

renal vasodilator, increase RBF

31
Q

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

A

increases water reabsorption in the collecting duct add aquaporins

32
Q

Vitamin D

A

vitamin that increases Ca2+ reabsorption by increasing calcium binding to calbindin
without the cell may reach cell death by reabsorbing Ca2+, cytotoxic

33
Q

increased hydrogen concentration

A

decreased pH

34
Q

protein digestion absorption

A

gastrointestinal proteases in stomach
Absorbed by carrier-mediated co-transport
Na or H cotransport

35
Q

Water soluble vitamins; Absorbed by

A

carrier-mediated co-transport Na+-cotransport

36
Q

where are fat soluble vitamins released from food

A

small intestine

37
Q

Carbohydrate digestion

A

Simple sugars such as glucose, galactose and fructose absorbed in the intestine by sodium cotransport and facilitated diffusion

38
Q

adenylate cyclase

A

hormone, neurotransmitters and toxic can activate adenylate cyclase which increases cAMP which actives the Cl- channels and CL is secretion

39
Q

pattern seen in pulmonary function tests

A

mild obstructive pattern

50% of lung function

Physiology exam 4 (10 decks)

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