7.4: Probability and significance Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in 7.4: Probability and significance Deck (6)
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1
Q

A psychologist wanted to see if verbal fluency is affected by whether people think they are presenting information to a small group of people or to a large group of people.

The psychologist needed a stratified sample of 20 people. She obtained the sample from a company employing 60 men and 40 women.

The participants were told that they would be placed in a booth where they would read out an article about the life of a famous author to an audience. Participants were also told that the audience would not be present, but would only be able to hear them and would not be able to interact with them.
There were two conditions in the study, Condition A and Condition B.
Condition A: 10 participants were told the audience consisted of 5 listeners.
Condition B: the other 10 participants were told the audience consisted of 100 listeners.

Each participant completed the study individually. The psychologist recorded each presentation and then counted the number of verbal errors made by each participant.

Table 1: Mean number of verbal errors and standard deviations for both conditions,
Condition A (believed audience of 5 listeners) had a mean of 11.1 and a standard deviation of 1.30.
Condition B (believed audience of 100 listeners) had a mean of 17.2 and a standard deviation of 3.54.

What conclusions might the psychologist draw from the data in Table 1?
Refer to the means and standard deviations in your answer (6 marks)

A

From the means, the psychologist can conclude that when people believe they are presenting to a large audience, they are less fluent in their spoken communication than when they believe the audience is small

2
Q

A psychologist wanted to see if verbal fluency is affected by whether people think they are presenting information to a small group of people or to a large group of people.

The psychologist needed a stratified sample of 20 people. She obtained the sample from a company employing 60 men and 40 women.

The participants were told that they would be placed in a booth where they would read out an article about the life of a famous author to an audience. Participants were also told that the audience would not be present, but would only be able to hear them and would not be able to interact with them.
There were two conditions in the study, Condition A and Condition B.
Condition A: 10 participants were told the audience consisted of 5 listeners.
Condition B: the other 10 participants were told the audience consisted of 100 listeners.

Each participant completed the study individually. The psychologist recorded each presentation and then counted the number of verbal errors made by each participant.

Table 1: Mean number of verbal errors and standard deviations for both conditions,
Condition A (believed audience of 5 listeners) had a mean of 11.1 and a standard deviation of 1.30.
Condition B (believed audience of 100 listeners) had a mean of 17.2 and a standard deviation of 3.54.

What conclusions might the psychologist draw from the data in Table 1?
Refer to the means and standard deviations in your answer (6 marks).
From the means, the psychologist can conclude that when people believe they are presenting to a large audience, they are less fluent in their spoken communication than when they believe the audience is small.
What is this shown by?

A

This is shown by the difference in the mean fluency scores

3
Q

A psychologist wanted to see if verbal fluency is affected by whether people think they are presenting information to a small group of people or to a large group of people.

The psychologist needed a stratified sample of 20 people. She obtained the sample from a company employing 60 men and 40 women.

The participants were told that they would be placed in a booth where they would read out an article about the life of a famous author to an audience. Participants were also told that the audience would not be present, but would only be able to hear them and would not be able to interact with them.
There were two conditions in the study, Condition A and Condition B.
Condition A: 10 participants were told the audience consisted of 5 listeners.
Condition B: the other 10 participants were told the audience consisted of 100 listeners.

Each participant completed the study individually. The psychologist recorded each presentation and then counted the number of verbal errors made by each participant.

Table 1: Mean number of verbal errors and standard deviations for both conditions,
Condition A (believed audience of 5 listeners) had a mean of 11.1 and a standard deviation of 1.30.
Condition B (believed audience of 100 listeners) had a mean of 17.2 and a standard deviation of 3.54.

What conclusions might the psychologist draw from the data in Table 1?
Refer to the means and standard deviations in your answer (6 marks).
From the means, the psychologist can conclude that when people believe they are presenting to a large audience, they are less fluent in their spoken communication than when they believe the audience is small.
This is shown by the difference in the mean fluency scores, which show what?

A

This is shown by the difference in the mean fluency scores, which show more verbal mistakes (on average 6 more mistakes) when the audience is believed to be large

4
Q

A psychologist wanted to see if verbal fluency is affected by whether people think they are presenting information to a small group of people or to a large group of people.

The psychologist needed a stratified sample of 20 people. She obtained the sample from a company employing 60 men and 40 women.

The participants were told that they would be placed in a booth where they would read out an article about the life of a famous author to an audience. Participants were also told that the audience would not be present, but would only be able to hear them and would not be able to interact with them.
There were two conditions in the study, Condition A and Condition B.
Condition A: 10 participants were told the audience consisted of 5 listeners.
Condition B: the other 10 participants were told the audience consisted of 100 listeners.

Each participant completed the study individually. The psychologist recorded each presentation and then counted the number of verbal errors made by each participant.

Table 1: Mean number of verbal errors and standard deviations for both conditions,
Condition A (believed audience of 5 listeners) had a mean of 11.1 and a standard deviation of 1.30.
Condition B (believed audience of 100 listeners) had a mean of 17.2 and a standard deviation of 3.54.

What conclusions might the psychologist draw from the data in Table 1?
Refer to the means and standard deviations in your answer (6 marks).
From the means, the psychologist can conclude that when people believe they are presenting to a large audience, they are less fluent in their spoken communication than when they believe the audience is small.
This is shown by the difference in the mean fluency scores, which show more verbal mistakes (on average 6 more mistakes) when the audience is believed to be large.

From the standard deviations, what can the psychologist conclude?

A

From the standard deviations, the psychologist can conclude that the performances of participants in Condition A where the audience is believed to be small are less varied/spread out than in Condition B where the audience is believed to be large

5
Q

A psychologist wanted to see if verbal fluency is affected by whether people think they are presenting information to a small group of people or to a large group of people.

The psychologist needed a stratified sample of 20 people. She obtained the sample from a company employing 60 men and 40 women.

The participants were told that they would be placed in a booth where they would read out an article about the life of a famous author to an audience. Participants were also told that the audience would not be present, but would only be able to hear them and would not be able to interact with them.
There were two conditions in the study, Condition A and Condition B.
Condition A: 10 participants were told the audience consisted of 5 listeners.
Condition B: the other 10 participants were told the audience consisted of 100 listeners.

Each participant completed the study individually. The psychologist recorded each presentation and then counted the number of verbal errors made by each participant.

Table 1: Mean number of verbal errors and standard deviations for both conditions,
Condition A (believed audience of 5 listeners) had a mean of 11.1 and a standard deviation of 1.30.
Condition B (believed audience of 100 listeners) had a mean of 17.2 and a standard deviation of 3.54.

What conclusions might the psychologist draw from the data in Table 1?
Refer to the means and standard deviations in your answer (6 marks).
From the means, the psychologist can conclude that when people believe they are presenting to a large audience, they are less fluent in their spoken communication than when they believe the audience is small.
This is shown by the difference in the mean fluency scores, which show more verbal mistakes (on average 6 more mistakes) when the audience is believed to be large.

From the standard deviations, the psychologist can conclude that the performances of participants in Condition A where the audience is believed to be small are less varied/spread out than in Condition B where the audience is believed to be large.
What is this shown by?

A

This is shown by a lower SD in Condition A

6
Q

A psychologist wanted to see if verbal fluency is affected by whether people think they are presenting information to a small group of people or to a large group of people.

The psychologist needed a stratified sample of 20 people. She obtained the sample from a company employing 60 men and 40 women.

The participants were told that they would be placed in a booth where they would read out an article about the life of a famous author to an audience. Participants were also told that the audience would not be present, but would only be able to hear them and would not be able to interact with them.
There were two conditions in the study, Condition A and Condition B.
Condition A: 10 participants were told the audience consisted of 5 listeners.
Condition B: the other 10 participants were told the audience consisted of 100 listeners.

Each participant completed the study individually. The psychologist recorded each presentation and then counted the number of verbal errors made by each participant.

Table 1: Mean number of verbal errors and standard deviations for both conditions,
Condition A (believed audience of 5 listeners) had a mean of 11.1 and a standard deviation of 1.30.
Condition B (believed audience of 100 listeners) had a mean of 17.2 and a standard deviation of 3.54.

What conclusions might the psychologist draw from the data in Table 1?
Refer to the means and standard deviations in your answer (6 marks).
From the means, the psychologist can conclude that when people believe they are presenting to a large audience, they are less fluent in their spoken communication than when they believe the audience is small.
This is shown by the difference in the mean fluency scores, which show more verbal mistakes (on average 6 more mistakes) when the audience is believed to be large.

From the standard deviations, the psychologist can conclude that the performances of participants in Condition A where the audience is believed to be small are less varied/spread out than in Condition B where the audience is believed to be large.
This is shown by a lower SD in Condition A, which suggests what?

A

This is shown by a lower SD in Condition A, which suggests that individual performances in Condition A were more similar to each other and/or all quite close to the mean of 11.1