7.4 : Women and Economic Development (Pgs. 471-473)

Question 1

Barriers to gender equality

Answer 1

• Cultural barriers often inhibit participation in the economy
• Lack of education opportunities can reduce employment options
• Limited access to loans and other resources makes starting or expanding a business difficult.

Question 2

Glass Cieling

Answer 2

A trend reflecting employment discrimination toward women is that women rarely obtain upper-level jobs in companies, the civil service, or in governments, particularly in developing countries.

Question 3

Increased opportunities for women

Answer 3

Governments of many countries, transnational corporations, non-governmental organizations, and international organizations, such as the United Nations, have aided the efforts to reduce gender inequality.

Question 4

Non-governmental Organizations

Answer 4

Several programs enacted by governments and international non-profit agencies.

Question 5

Microloans/Microcredit

Answer 5

Programs that provide loans often to women to start or expand a business.

Question 6

How the IR created new neighborhoods for mid and working classes.

Answer 6

Most members of the growing middle class lived and worked in urban areas. Some lived in the center of the city (if they could afford it) and others lived in new areas built on the outskirts of the city.
For the working class, their housing was located outside of the CBDs, even though factory work greatly expanded.