Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium Flashcards
classification of macro and microminerals
macro: greater than 5 grams in body, needed in amounts greater than 100 mg day
micro: less than 5 grams, needed in less than 20 mg day
Which is the most abundant mineral in the body?
calcium b
Functions of calcium
calcium helps build strong bones and teeth, trabecular bone is most sensitive to changes in dietary calcium metabolic functions -muscle contractions -nerve transmission -stimulating hormone -blood vessel dialation -blood clotting
hormones and tissues involved in maintaining Ca Homeostasis
Hormones: PTH, Calcitriol, Calcitonin
Tissues: intestine, bone, kidney
good things that calcium could do
lower high blood pressure, reduce the risk of kidney stones, prevent colon cancer, reduce the risk of obesity
what is RDA of calcium?
1000 to 1300 mg per day, americans tend to underconsume it
calcium toxicity
hypercalcemia: too much calcium, constipation, bone pain, muscle weakness, confusion impaired absorption of FE, zinc, mg, ph
calcium deficiency
hypocalcemia, brittle bones, increased risk of osteoporosis and bone fractures
Phosphorous function
second most abundant mineral in body
formation of bones and teeth, cell membrane, metabolism
where is dietary phosphorous abosorbed/metabolized?
70% of dietary phosphorous is absorbed in the small intestine
vitamin d enhances bioavailability of phosphorous
phytate, magnesium, calcium and aluminium decrease absorption
phosphorous rda
700mg, avg intake is 100, animal foods and cola, common additive
Phosphorous toxicity/deficiency
UL decreases with age by 1000 mg
hyperphosphatemia
high intake of phosphorous deficiency is rare
magnesium
4th most abundant cation in the body! exciting!
where is mg in body
60% is found in bones
25% in muscles
14% in various cells
what does magnesium do?
greater than 300 enzyme reaction
synthesis of dna and rna
lower blood pressure, muscle and nerve function
bone metabolism and cell membrane synthesis
