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Social Psychology > exam > Flashcards

exam Flashcards

1
Q

social psychology

A

scientific study of how our thoughts, feelings, and behaviours are shaped by the real or imagined presence of others” and other environmental cues.

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2
Q

social psychology includes content from other fields such as

A
  • abnormal psychology
  • developmental psychology
  • personality psychology
  • sociology
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3
Q

social psychology includes methods from other fields such as

A
  • philosophy
  • cognitive psychology
  • neuropsychology
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4
Q

ways to measure dependent variable

A

observation
survey
behavioural measure (ex hot sauce)
physiological measure (ex fmri)

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5
Q

internal validity

A

nothing other other than x can affect y

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6
Q

external validity

A

the extent to which results can be generalized

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7
Q

experimental realism

A

situation is realistic to participant

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8
Q

mundane realism

A

similar to event likely to occur outside of lab

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9
Q

measurement validity

A

y really measures what its trying to measure

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10
Q

insufficient power

A

sample size, power generally set at 80%

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11
Q

solutions to replicability crisis

A

replications
open data and methods
preregistration

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12
Q

limits of introspection

A

emotion
attitude
we make up reasons for our own behaviour

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13
Q

looking glass self

A

belief about how others would view our behaviour shape our feelings about that behaviour

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14
Q

social comparison

A

downwards: compare with someone worse than self
upwards: compare with someone better than self

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15
Q

self perception theory

A

when feelings are ambiguous we infer states by observing behaviour and situation (ex. i must love stephen king because i read alot of his books)

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16
Q

working self concept is influenced by

A

optimal distinctiveness (ex. being a woman in a room full of men)

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17
Q

functions of the self

A 
organization
-self schema
controlling
-guide actions
-long term planning
emotion
-determine emotional responses
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18
Q

self discrepancy theory

A

actual/ought/ideal
ideal associated with dejection
ought associated with agitation

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19
Q

social comparison affect on self esteem

A

downwards: increases
upwards: decreases

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20
Q

temporal comparison and self esteem

A

recall past as worse than it was

feel closer to successful past selves than unsuccessful ones

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21
Q

social identity and self esteem

A

prefer to associate with positive successful groups

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22
Q

self serving bias

A

good things have internal causes
bad things have external causes
Pro: preserve positive self view
Con: avoid taking responsibility

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23
Q

illusion of superiority

A

most people think that they’re above average
well like in short term not long run
inability to recognize own incompetence

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24
Q

unrealistic optimism

A

cons: illusion of invulnerability

risk taking

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25
Q

schemas

A

structures used to organize knowledge about the world

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26
Q

kinds of schemas

A

objects
psychological
person
events/scripts

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27
Q

function of schemas

A 
efficiency
predictability
processing ambiguous information
attention
memory
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28
Q

cognitive confirmation bias

A

processing information about people in a way that confirms or support the schema, stereotypes

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29
Q

biased hypothesis testing

A

asking questions that will probably get a negative response

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30
Q

availability heuristic

A

how easily accessible memories are

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31
Q

representativeness heuristic

A

classify something by how similar it is to a typical case

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32
Q

anchor heuristic

A

comparison standard biases the estimate

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33
Q

james-lang theory of emotions

A

emotions occur as result of physiological reactions to event ex. facial feedback hypothesis

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34
Q

schachter singer theory of emotion

A

emotional is based off physiological arousal and appraisal ex. misattribution of arousal

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35
Q

primary emotions

A

joy, pleasure, surprise

fright, pain, sadness

36
Q

secondary emotions

A

happiness, admiration, hope

indignation, melancholy, contempt

37
Q

universal emotions

A

SADFISH

sadness,anger,disgust,fear, interest,surprise,happiness

38
Q

mehrabhian formula of emotion

A

55% facial expression>38% tone of voice>7% content

39
Q

functions of emotion

A

belongingness
communicate social information
motivate behaviour (yeke dodson’s law/arousal)
guide choices

40
Q

ABC

A

Affect (feelings)
Behaviour (Actions)
Cognition (Thoughts)

41
Q

self report measures

A 
single item scales
likert scales (agree to disagree)
semantic differential (opposites on each side)
42
Q

physiological measures

A 
Galvanic skin response (skin conductance)
facial electromyograph (muscle activity)
43
Q

implicit measure

A

word completion
stroop test
implicit association

44
Q

moderators of attitude and behaviour

A

other situational influences
how specifically attitude is measured
how strong attitude is
how much a person adapts to situational circumstances

45
Q

principle of aggregation

A

a set of multiple measurements is a better estimator than any single measurement

46
Q

insufficient justification

A

1$ is not a good excuse to lie

47
Q

overjustification

A

I only play with this toy because I get a reward

48
Q

ways to reduce cognitive dissonance

A

change behaviour/attitudes
acquire new information
minimize importance
avoidance

49
Q

fundamental attribution error

A

tendency to overestimate how much someones behaviour is caused by internal factors

50
Q

Salience bias

A

tendency to focus on things that are in our field of attention

51
Q

cultural norms and fae

A

collectivist cultures focus on external more

individualist cultures focus on internal

52
Q

central route of communication

A

Systematic processing

ability to pay attention

53
Q

a social psychologist is usually interested in studying the

A

individual

54
Q

according to self awareness theory a self aware state is

A

unpleasant

55
Q

depress people _ how favorably people regard them

A

estimste accurately

56
Q

Downward vs upward counterfactual

A

Downward:could have been worse
Upward:could have been better

57
Q

people make fewer cognitive errors when they are thinking about

A

very serious matters

58
Q

Difference between social psychology and developmental

A

social: all age groups
developmental: specific age groups

59
Q

difference between social psychology and personality

A

social: situation
personality: person

60
Q

how many studies were replicated exactly

A

1/3

61
Q

consequences of self awareness

A

influenced by internal

self consciousness

62
Q

does schema affect encoding or decoding

A

both
Encoding: Donald story
Decoding:burglar/homebuyer story

63
Q

Group

A

3 or more people working towards a common goal

64
Q

Social facilitation

A

Presence of others causes arousal which makes it easier to complete the dominant response

65
Q

Social loafing

A

Doing worse on simple tasks and better on complex tasks when with others and individual performance can’t be evaluated

66
Q

Commons dilemma

A

Shared resources are not used optimally

67
Q

Deindividuation

A

Listening of normal social norms can lead to deviant acts
Masks
Anonymity
Groups

68
Q

Polarization

A

Discussion leads to more extreme views

69
Q

Reduce groupthink

A

Be impartial
Get advice from outside
Create subgroups
Anonymous

70
Q

Wisdom of crowd

A

Average of guesses will be accurate

71
Q

Brainstorming

A

Lower quality and quantity of ideas but rated more positively and creative

72
Q

Transactive memory

A

Groups are effective if tasks are split among members

73
Q

Foolish committees

A

When unique information isn’t shared

74
Q

Traits of successful ceos

A

Modesty
Persistence
Decisiveness

75
Q

Traits of incompetent leader

A

Poor team building

Poor interpersonal

76
Q

5 bases of power

A 
Legitimate-right to make demands
Reward-compensation
Coercive-punishment for noncompliance
Expert-superior skills and knowledge
Referent-worthiness and right to respect
77
Q

Advantages of power

A

Abstract thought
Goal orientation
Less influences

78
Q

Disadvantages of power

A

Automatic thinking
Lying
Overconfidence
Biased predictions

79
Q

Measuring social exclusion in lab

A 
Recall
Imagine
Diagnosis
Confederates deject
Cybervall
80
Q

Results of ostracism

A

Anger
Sadness
Numbness

81
Q

When ostracism is okay

A 
Computers
Strangers
Cyberball
Unlikeable groups
Hypothetical
82
Q

Reasons for exclusion

A

Aggressive
Withdrawn
Different

83
Q

2D>4D

A

Low testosterone

84
Q

Sternbergs triangular theory of live

A

Intimacy
commitment
Passion

85
Q

Hormones and love

A

Adrenaline
Dopamine
Serotonin

Oxytocin
Vasopressin

86
Q

4 signs of problems in relationship

A

Criticism instead of complaints
Contempt/disgust
Defensiveness
Stonewalling/tune out

Social Psychology (3 decks)

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