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BMS 228 - Introduction to human anatomy > The pelvis > Flashcards

The pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the blood supply to the female genitalia?

A

1) Common iliac artery
Branches into vaginal and uterine arteries

2) Gonadal (ovarian) arteries

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2
Q

What is the blood supply to the female rectum?

A

Superior rectal artery (from the inferior mesenteric artery)

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3
Q

What is the median sacral artery?

A

A direct branch from the posterior aorta

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4
Q

What are the ligaments of the female pelvis?

A

1) Broad ligament
2) Ovarian ligaments
3) Suspensory ligaments
4) Round ligaments
5) Cardinal/transverse ligaments
6) Uterosacral ligaments
7) Pubocervical ligaments

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5
Q

What is the function of the uterosacral and the pubocervical ligaments?

A

To support the uterus

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6
Q

What does the transverse/cardinal ligament house?

A

The uterine artery and vein

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7
Q

What is the broad ligament and what does it contain?

A

Folds of peritoneum

Contains the ovarian ligament and the round ligament, uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes

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8
Q

What does the suspensory ligament do?

A

Holds the ovaries to the lateral body wall

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9
Q

What does the ovarian ligament do?

A

Join from the ovaries to the lateral side of the uterus

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10
Q

What does the round ligament do? Travel?

Function?

A

Travel through the deep inguinal ring and inguinal canal to the labia majora - to maintain anterversion of the uterus during pregnancy

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11
Q

What are the remains of the gubernaculum in females?

A

Round ligament and ovarian ligament

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12
Q

What is the ‘vulva’?

A

The external genitalia of the female

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13
Q

What is the ‘mons pubis’?

A

The fatty portion of the vulva at the anterior

Covered in pubic hair

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14
Q

What is the ‘labia majora’ and ‘labia minora’?

A

Majora - outside, covered in pubic hair, joins from mons pubis to rectum

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15
Q

What is the vestibule?

A

Area between the labia minora

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16
Q

What is the prepuce of the vagina formed from?

A

The labia minora

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17
Q

What is the relations of the vagina?

A

Anterior: bladder and urethra
Posterior: Rectum and anus

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18
Q

Where does the uterus lie with respect to the bladder?

A

Above it

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19
Q

What is the position of the uterus in the body?

A

Anteroverted wrt the vagina

Anteroflexed wrt the cervix

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20
Q

What happens during pregnancy?

A

The uterus gets bigger - compressing the bladder (urinate more frequenty) and compressing the rectum (harder to excrete)

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21
Q

What is the course of the right uterer?

A

1) Posterior to duodenum
2) Crossed by branches of the SUPERIOR MESENTERIC artery
3) Crosses anterior to right common iliiac

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22
Q

What is the course of the left ureter?

A

1) Runs laterally to the inferior mesenteric vessels
2) Crossed by vessels of the INFERIOR MESENTERIC artery
3) Crosses anterior to left common iliac

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23
Q

Where do the ureters enter the bladder?

A

Through the urethral openings of the trigone

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24
Q

What are the parts of the bladder?

A

Apex (anterior and superior)
Body
Fundus
Neck (posterior and inferior)

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25
Q

In males, where is the bladder positioned?

A

Neck is fused to the prostate

26
Q

Where in females, is the bladder positioned?

A

On the pelvic floor

27
Q

What are the relations of the bladder in females?

A

Pubic synthesis
Vagina
Pelvic floor

28
Q

What are the relations to the bladder in the male?

A

Pubic synthesis
Rectum
Prostate

29
Q

What are the differences between male and female ureters?

A

Males are longer and have 4 parts

30
Q

What is inguinal canal?

A

The pathway taken by the testes as the gubernaculum shortens in development

31
Q

What makes up the floor of the inguinal canal?

A

Inguinal ligament

Lacunar ligament

32
Q

What forms the inguinal ligament?

A

Rolling up of the external oblique aponeurosis

33
Q

What forms the roof of the inguinal canal?

A

Transversalis fascia
Transverse abdominis
Internal oblique

34
Q

What forms the anterior wall of the inguinal canal?

A

Internal oblique

Aponeurosis of the external obliques

35
Q

What forms the posterior wall of the inguinal canal?

A

Transversalis fascia

36
Q

What does the inguinal canal contain?

A

Males - spermatic cord

Females - round ligament

Sensory nerves

37
Q

What does the gubernaculum become in males?

A

Scrotal ligament

38
Q

What does the gubernaculum become in females? Why?

A

Ovarian ligament and round ligament

Gubernaculum is connected to ovaries and labia majora

39
Q

What is a direct hernia?

A

Hernia through the posterior wall

40
Q

What is an indirect hernia?

A

Intestines through inguinal canal

41
Q

What is the blood supply to the penis?

A

1) Bulbourethral arteries

2) Internal pudendal artery (from INTERNAL ILIAC ARTERY)

42
Q

What is the corpus cavernosa and corpus spongiosum of the penis?

How can you tell the difference between the 2?

A

Erectile tissue of the penis

Corpus spongiosum is contains the ureter and lies beneath to CC

Corpus cavernsoa is paired

43
Q

What division of the nervous system is for erection?

A

Parasympathetic (point)

44
Q

What division of the nervous system is for ejaculation?

A

Sympathetic (shoot)

45
Q

What is the blood supply to the rectum?

A

Superior rectal arteries (branches from the inferior mesenteric artery)

46
Q

What is the glans of the penis?

A

The head

47
Q

What is the prepuce of the penis?

A

The foreskin

48
Q

What is the tunica albagenia in the penis?

A

Surrounds each capsule of corpus carnevous body

49
Q

What does the spermatic cord contain?

A

Veins
Arteries
Nerves
Ducts

50
Q

What ducts are contained within the spermatic cord?

A

Lymph vessels

Ductus deferens

51
Q

What does the ductus deferens do?

A

Take sperm from the epididymis in the testicle to the ejaculatory gland

52
Q

Anything contained within the spermatic cord is also contained in what? How?

A

In the inguinal canal

As the inguinal canal contains the spermatic cord

53
Q

Where is the inuguinal ligament to/from?

A

Anterior superior iliac spine

Pubic tubercle

54
Q

Where is the pubic tubercle?

A

Either side of the pubic synthesis

55
Q

What is the tunica vaginalis?

A

Double layered membrane in the testies which contains a serous fluid and overlays the tunica albuginea (which surounds the testies)

56
Q

Where does the epidiymis lie?

A

Posteriorly to testes

57
Q

What makes sperm?

A

Seminiferous tubules in the testes

58
Q

What does the prostate do?

A

Make proteolytic enzymes which nourish and protect the sperm

59
Q

What does the seminal vesicles do?

A

Fuse with the ductus deferens to form the ejaculatory gland

Produce 70% volume of the sperm

Nourishment

60
Q

Where are bulbourethral glands located?

A

Below the prostate

61
Q

What are relations to the seminal vesicles?

A

Bladder
Prostate
Ductus deferens

62
Q

What do the bulbourethral glands do?

A

Secrete alkali fluid - flush out the ureter before ejaculation (acidic urine)

BMS 228 - Introduction to human anatomy (13 decks)

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