Chapter 5

Question 1

What are activities of daily living (ADLs)?

Answer 1

activities performed daily , such as bathing, moving from a bed or chair, dressing getting to and using the toilet, eating, and walking

Question 2

Define chronic health problems

Answer 2

long-term illnesses such as arthritis, rheumatism, hypertension, diabetes, and heart disease

Question 3

What is compression of morbidity hypothesis?

Answer 3

the idea that severe chronic illnesses would occur for a short time near the end of life

Question 4

what is a dependence-free life expectancy?

Answer 4

the number of years of remaining life that a person will live in a state free of dependence on others for daily tasks

Question 5

define disability-free life expectancy

Answer 5

the years of life remaining that are free of any disability

Question 6

define epidemiological transition

Answer 6

the transition a society makes when it moves from a high rate of acute illness (mostly in youth) to a high rate of chronic illness (mostly in old age); Canada has made this transition, as have many developed nations.

Question 7

define functional disability

Answer 7

a limitation in the performance of normal daily activities due to illness or injury

Question 8

define hypokinesia

Answer 8

physical problems due to lack of movement

Question 9

define instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs)

Answer 9

home management activities such as using the phone, cooking, shopping, managing finances, and doing light housework

Question 10

define life expectancy

Answer 10

then umber of years at birth an average member of a population can expect to live

Question 11

define maximum life span

Answer 11

the maximum number of years a member of a species can live

Question 12

what is rectangularization, or squaring of the survival curve?

Answer 12

the change over time in survival curves resulting in a right angle or square shape, leading researchers to conclude that a finite life span exists

Question 13

What is selective optimization with compensation (SOC)?

Answer 13

those who age successfully use the SOC method: they can no longer engage in an activity, they compensate for losses by setting new priorities

Question 14

Define successful aging

Answer 14

characterized by a low change of disease and disability, high mental and physical functioning, and active engagement in social relations and productive activity