Chap 1 Intro to psycho

Question 1

What is psychology

Answer 1

Scientific study of mind and behaviour

Question 2

What type of psychologist use scientific methods to create new knowledge about the causes of behaviour

Answer 2

Research psychologists

Question 3

What is the name of the “tendency to think that we could have predicted something that has already occurred that we probably would not have been able to predict”

Answer 3

Hindsight bias

Question 4

Explain the general order of the scientific method

Answer 4

Theory, hypothesis, test the hypothesis, either confirmed or rejected : Confirmed ones lead to new hypothesis and/or strengthen theory, Rejected ones are retested or could alter existing theories

Question 5

What are the three perspective of the biopsychosocial model

Answer 5

Biological, psychological (interpersonal), sociocultural

Question 6

What is the focus of the biological perspective of the biopsychosocial model

Answer 6

Genes, brain anatomy and function and evolution

Question 7

What is the focus of the psychological perspective of the biopsychosocial model

Answer 7

Behaviour, perception, thought, experience

Question 8

What is the focus of the sociocultural perspective of the biopsychosocial model

Answer 8

Interpersonal relationships, families, groups, societies

Question 9

Describe the school of thought structuralism

Answer 9

Used experiments and introspection to try to identify the basic elements of psychological experience (William Wundt)

Question 10

Describe the school of thought Functionalism/Evolutionary psychology

Answer 10

Humans possess certain traits because they allowed their ancestors to survive and reproduce (William James)

Question 11

Describe the school of thought Psychoanalytics / Psychodynamic

Answer 11

Focuses on the role of unconscious thoughts, feelings and memories and early childhood experiences (Freud)

Question 12

Describe the school of thought Behaviourism

Answer 12

Trying to study the mind objectively is impossible and therefore that psychologists should focus on studying what is measurable and observable: behaviour. (Ivan Pavlov, John B. Watson, B. F. Skinner)

Question 13

Describe the school of thought Cognitive

Answer 13

The sutry of mental processes, including perception, thinking, memory and judgements. (Noam Chomsky, Jean Piaget)

Question 14

Describe the school of thought Socio-cultural

Answer 14

Culture and social situations and cultures in which people find themselves influence thinking and behaviour. (Leon Festinger)

Question 15

What are in order the five Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Answer 15

1) Physiological
2) Security
3) Social
4) Esteem
5) Self-actualization

Question 16

Exemple of physiological needs

Answer 16

food, water, shelter, warmth

Question 17

Exemple of Security needs

Answer 17

Safety, employment, assets

Question 18

Exemple of Social needs

Answer 18

Family, friendship, intimacy, belonging

Question 19

Exemple of Esteem needs

Answer 19

Self-worth, accomplishment, confidence

Question 20

Exemple of Self-actualization

Answer 20

Inner fulfillment

Question 21

What is empiricism?

Answer 21

States that the only source of knowledge comes through our senses – e.g. sight, hearing etc.

Question 22

What is determinism

Answer 22

The determinist approach proposes that all behaviour is caused by preceding factors and is thus predictable

Question 23

What is nature ?

Answer 23

Nature is your genes. The physical and personality traits determined by your genes stay the same irrespective of where you were born and raised

Question 24

What is nurture?

Answer 24

Nurture refers to personal experiences, your childhood, or how you were brought up.

Question 25

What is Gestalt psychology?

Answer 25

Gestalt theory emphasizes that the whole of anything is greater than its parts.

Question 26

What is positive psychology?

Answer 26

The scientific study of the strengths that enable individuals and communities to thrive. Positive human functioning and flourishing on multiple dimensions of life.

Question 27

What is developmental psychology?

Answer 27

The scientific study of how and why human beings change over the course of their life.

Question 28

What is personality psychology?

Answer 28

The study personality and its variation among individuals and why do we engage in them.