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Vascular Plants Morphology > Unit 1 Vascular Plants > Flashcards

Unit 1 Vascular Plants Flashcards

1
Q

Define Vascular Plants

A

All have tracheids

-the type of xylem in the sporophyte

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2
Q

Define Land Plants

A

Shares a common ancestor with the green algae

-includes nonvascular/vascular plants

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3
Q

Seedless Vascular Plant Phyla

Lycopodiophyta

A

Common Name: (types)

Lycopodium, Isoetes, Selaginella, Phylloglossum

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4
Q

Seedless Vascular Plant Phyla

Pteridophyta (horsetails)

A

Common Name:

Equisetum

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5
Q

Seedless Vascular Plant Phyla

Pteridophyta (whisk ferns)

A

Common Name:

Psilotum and Tmesipteris

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6
Q

Seedless Vascular Plant Phyla

Pteridophyta

A

Common Name:

in general ferns

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7
Q

Vascular Plant Phyla With Seeds

A

Gymnosperms

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8
Q

What are the four types of gymnosperms?

A

1) Coniferophyta (conifers)
2) Ginkgophyta (maidenhair tree)
3) Cycadophyta (cycads)
4) Gnetophyta (gnetophytes)

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9
Q

Ginkgophyta

A
  • produces seeds
  • have tracheids, vascular tissue
  • separate (male or female)
  • gymnosperm
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10
Q

Cycadophyta

A
  • produces cones,
  • grows in tropical weather
  • is male or female
  • has tracheids, vascular tissue
  • gymnosperm
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11
Q

Vascular Plant Phyla With Seeds

A

Anthophyta (angiosperms; flowering plants)

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12
Q

A plant in the phylum Anthophyta

A
  • has vascular tissue/tracheids
  • has flowers
  • produces seeds
  • angiosperm
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13
Q

How many species exist?

A

~4-5 million different kinds of organisms have evolved that survive until now
-Only 1.8 million have a description and been classified

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14
Q

Taxonomy

A

1) Classification
2) Nomenclature
3) Identification

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15
Q

Classification

A

Placing organisms into groups based on their similarity

-the biological hierarchy

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16
Q

Nomenclature

A

Naming organisms

17
Q

Identification

A

Refers an unknown organism to a named group

18
Q

What are the domains?

A

Domains: Archaea, Eubacteria, Eukarya

19
Q

What are the kingdoms?

A

Kingdoms: Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

20
Q

What is the classification of maize (corn)?

A 
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Anthophyta (root -ophyta)
Class: Monocotyledones
Order: Commelinales (root -ales)
Family: Poaceae (root -aeceae)
Genus: Zea
Species: Zea mays (italicized or underlined)
21
Q

Which scientist described and named 12,000+ species using a binomial system?

A

Linnaeus

22
Q

Evolutionary Trees

A

A phylogeny tries to explain the history and pattern of evolutionary change within a group. It is a hypothesis.

23
Q

Ancestral Trait

A

Exists in the common ancestor

  • Inherited with little change
  • Should share traits
24
Q

Derived Trait

A

Is unique to the descendants

  • changed recently
  • organisms are mixtures of both types of traits
25
Q

Homology

A

Similarity due to descent from a common ancestor

  • ancestral trait
  • has the same relationship to other features
  • developed from the same group of cells in the embryo
  • a mutation can create a derived trait
26
Q

Homoplasy

A

Similarity caused by convergence or reversal

27
Q

Convergent Evolution

A

Similarities in morphology that evolve independently in unrelated or distantly related species
-natural selection favors similar structures since they inhabit similar environments

28
Q

Cladistics (phylogenetics)

A

Emphasizes the history of descent

  • only uses derived traits
  • uses homologous traits
  • only recognizes monophyletic groups (clades)

(point of node) . —A

                       - --B
                       - --C (one set of clade)

. —D

29
Q

Monophyly

A

A monophyletic group contains the common ancestor and all of its descendants

30
Q

What is a cladogram?

A

Evolutionary tree

  • (character matrix–>all traits, more closely related to the common ancestor)
  • Tree using one trait or multiple traits
31
Q

Paraphyletic

A

In biological taxonomy it is the grouping of organisms where all the members of the group have a common ancestor but the group does not include all the descendants of the common ancestor

-includes more than one node (meaning each organism that is classified underneath it doesn’t have the common ancestor throughout)

32
Q

Polyphyly

A

Characterized by one or more homoplasies: phenotypes which have converged or reversal (appear to be the same) but which has not inherited from common ancestors

OR

Describe multiple ancestral sources regardless of convergence

Vascular Plants Morphology (11 decks)

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