Haematological (lymphatic and bone marrow) Risk Factors And Complications

Question 1

What are the risk factors for malignant lymphadenopathy (lymphoma)?

Answer 1

Most often no clear cause of lymphoma

Family history of lymphoma

Reduced immunity: transplantees, HIV and those on long term systemic steroids

Smoking (-greatest risk factor)

Alcohol excess

HPV

EBV

SLE

Cannabis

Question 2

Which age groups are most at risk of Hodgkin’s lymphoma?

Answer 2

15-30

> 50

• a bimodal distribution

Question 3

What are the risk factors for chronic myeloid and lymphoid leukaemia?

Answer 3

Old age - the only risk factor

Question 4

What are the risk factors for Hodgkin’s lymphoma?

Answer 4

Affected sibling

EBV - glandular fever

SLE

Post-transplantation

Question 5

What are the risk factors for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (T-cell and diffuse B cell types)?

Answer 5

Drugs causing immunodeficiency

HIV

Human T cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV)

H.Pylori

Toxins

Congenital

Question 6

What are the risk factors for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia?

Answer 6

Ionising radiation during pregnancy

Down’s syndrome

Question 7

What are the risk factors for acute myeloid leukaemia?

Answer 7

Radiation for cancer treatment

Chromosomal symptoms: Downs, Edwards, Patau