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Endo/Repro Exam 2 > Pelvic Viscera > Flashcards

Pelvic Viscera Flashcards

1
Q
  • What is the perineal body?
  • What does it serve as an attachment point for?
  • What is the other common name for this structure?
A
  • FIbromuscular mass
  • In midline between anal canal and perineal membrane
  • Attachment point for:
    • Bulbospongiosus m.
    • External anal sphincter m.
    • Superficial transverse perineal m.
    • Deep transverse perineal m.
  • Central tendon of pelvic and urogenital diaphragm
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2
Q
  • Superficial transverse perineal m.
    • Action
    • Innervation
A
  • Support and fix perineal body, supports abdominopelvic viscera
  • Resists increases in intraabdominal pressure
  • Deep perineal n.
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3
Q
  • Ischiocavernosus m.
    • Action
    • Innervation
A
  • Maintain erection of penis or clitoris by compressing venous drainage
  • Forces blood from crura into body of penis or clitoris
  • Deep perineal n.
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4
Q
  • Bulbospongiosus m.
    • Action
    • Innervation
A
  • Supports and fixes perineal body
  • Compress bulb of penis
  • Assists in erection by compressing venous drainage
  • Expels final drops of urine/semen from urethra in males
  • Compresses vaginal orifice
  • Helps w/ erection of bulbs of the vestibule of vagina and compresses greater vestibular glands
  • Deep perineal n.
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5
Q
  • Where is the urogenital diaprhagm locted?
  • What are its components?
A
  • Muscle layer located deep to and separated from superficial perineal muscles by perineal membrane (may contain elements of superficial perineal muscles and perineal membrane)
  • External urethral sphincter m. (compressor urethrae m. and urethrovaginal sphincter m.)
  • Deep transverse perineal m.
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6
Q
  • External urethral sphincter m.
    • Action
    • Innervation
A
  • Constricts urethra and maintains continence
  • Innervated by:
    • Dorsal nerve of penis or clitoris
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7
Q
  • Compressor urethrae m.
    • Action
    • Innervation
A
  • Constricts urethra and maintains urinary continence
  • Innervation
    • Males-dorsal nerve of penis
    • Females-dorsal nerve of clitoris
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8
Q
  • Urethrovaginal sphincter m.
    • Action
    • Innervation
A
  • Action
    • Compresses vagina
  • Innervation
    • Dorsal nerve of clitoris
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9
Q
  • Deep transverse perineal m.
    • Action
    • Innervation
A
  • Support and fix perineal body, supports abdominopelvic viscera and resists increases in intrabdominal pressure
  • Innervation-deep perineal n.

Note: Females-described as smooth muscle mass along posterior edge of perineal membrane

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10
Q
  • External anal sphincter m.
    • Action
    • Innervation
A
  • Actions
    • Constricts anal canal during peristalsis
    • Resists defecation
    • Support and fix perineal body
  • Innervation
    • Inferior rectal n.
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11
Q
  • Internal anal sphincter m.
    • Action
    • Innervation
A
  • Action
    • Involuntary, surrounds superior 2/3 of anal canal
  • Innervation
    • Parasympathetic pelvic splanchnic nerves
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12
Q
  • What four muscles make up the pelvic diaphragm?
A
  • Levator ani m.
    • Puborectalis m.
    • Pubococcygeus m.
    • Iliococcygeus m.
  • Coccygeus m.
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13
Q
  • Puborectalis m.
    • Action
    • Innervation
A
  • Action
    • Maintain anorectal flexure
    • Support pelvic viscera
    • Resist increase in intrabdominal pressure
  • Innervation
    • Nerve to levator ani m. (S4)
    • Inferior rectal n.
    • Branches of coccygeal plexus
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14
Q
  • Pubococcygeus m.
    • Action
    • Innervation
A
  • Action
    • Supports pelvic viscera
    • Resists increase in intrabdominal pressure
  • Innervation
    • Nerve to levator ani m. (S4)
    • Inferior rectal n.
    • Branches of coccygeal plexus
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15
Q
  • Iliococcygeus m.
    • Action
    • Innervation
A
  • Action
    • Supports pelvic viscera
    • Resists increase in intraabdominal pressue
  • Innervation
    • Nerve to levator ani m. (S4)
    • Inferior rectal n.
    • Branches of the coccygeal plexus
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16
Q
  • The pubococcygeus m. produces small slips of muscle that extend to nearby structures and have same action and innervation
    • What are these muscles?
A
  • Levator prostate m. (males)
  • Pubovaginalis m. (females)
  • Puboperinealis m. (both)
  • Puboanalis m. (both)
17
Q

Coccygeus m.

Action
Innervation

A
  • Action
    • Support pelvic viscera
    • Flexes coccyx
  • Innervation
    • Nerve to levator ani m. (S4)
    • Inferior rectal n.
    • Branches of coccygeal plexus
18
Q
  • What are the lateral pelvic wall muscles?
A

Obturator internus m.

Piriformis m.

19
Q
  • Obturator internus m.
    • Action
    • Innervation
A
  • Action
    • Rotate thigh laterally
    • Stabilize femoral head in acetabulum
  • Innervation
    • Nerve to obturator internus m,
20
Q
  • Piriformis m.
    • Action
    • Innervation
A
  • Action
    • Rotate thigh laterally
    • Abduct Thigh
    • Stabilize femoral head in acetabulum
  • Innervation
    • Nerve to piriformis m.

Endo/Repro Exam 2 (9 decks)

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