Tut 2 Done + timeline Flashcards
Methods of determine visual acuity regarding infants ?
- Preferential looking (PL)
2. Visual evoked potential (VEP)
Define preferential looking (PL) :
- Two stimuli are presented if the infant is looking at a stimuli more then on the orther one it can tell the diffrence.
- Two preferences in generall: New stimuli, Mothers face
Define visual evoked potential (VEP):
and discription of learning curve of acuity
Is recorded by disk electrodes placed on the back of the infant’s head, over the visual cortex, is the pooled response of thousands of neurons that are near the electrode to identfy the visual evoked potential.
- from 6 to 9 months rapid change
- after a year it is at the same lvl as of an adult
testing visuel system on how clear u can identfy objects
Why do we have such a low acuity as a newborn/infant?
- State of the cortex and the retina at birth it is only parietal developed
- the cons in the fovea are poor developed
- The small size of the outer segment means less visual pigment
- because of cone lattice
- general u can see when u are born
What do infants and newborn like to see ?
- Contrast sensitivity: Very opposite color!
- Moving object
- New stimulis
How does hearing develope ?
- The most developed system when ur born
- Complete developed by 6 years when the head is fully grown
- Like to hear mothers voice
How do we test hearing ?
- Observer based psychoacoustic procedure
- Operant conditioning
What is the observer based psychoacoustic procedure ?
- Newborns were exposed to sounds and looked at the direction of where they came from.
- Music was played and the observer looked at any kind of reaction
- Wearing headphones and the observer watched the reaction out of a distance to not be bias!
Speach connected to mothers voice and also foundings trough out obersvations and operant conditioning ?
- infants recognize voices they have heard before
- babies regulated the pauses in their sucking so that they heard their mother’s voice more than the stranger’s voice (beacuse of womb hearing)
- Are able to do so after the second day
What is the specialty of infants regarding phonemes:
- ifants can Distinguish between phonemes that make up their native language and also between phonemes from other languages
- turned on by the age of 4 months
- after one year it get turned of and u can only recognize ur own speech
What do babys have for taste preferences ?
- Baby prefers sweets instant of salt or bitter
- Because poisonous which also taste bitter so it is for protection
- taste is innate
What is intermodal Perception ?
- It is the coordination of information from different senses into a perceptual whole. (such as seeing faces and hearing them speak)
- tests are ’Kelly Kaye and T. G. R. Bower’’
- and Patricia Kuhl and Anthony Meltzoff’s’’
Name the findings of Kelly Kaye and T. G. R. Bower:
- Day-old infants are able of matching a shape they feel, to a shape they can see
- example: pacifier (schnuller)
Name the findings of Patricia Kuhl and Anthony Meltzoff’s’:
- Baby sees two women faces, each repeating different vowel sound that matches the lip movement of only one of the faces !
- infants can identify which sound goes to which face.
What is social referencing ?
Process of communication whereby people actively use others’ perception and interpretations of (Dangerous) situations to form own interpretations of those situations.
