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Equine Anatomy > Lab 9 Hind Limbs Learning Objectives > Flashcards

Lab 9 Hind Limbs Learning Objectives Flashcards

1
Q

palpable bony land marks hindlimb of horse

A

tuber coxae, tuber sacrale, ischiatic tuberosity

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2
Q

superficial drainage of the hindlimb

A

medial saphenous vein (cr and cd branches) and lateral saphenous vein to femoral vein

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3
Q

medial saphenous vein

A

emerges between sartorial and gracilis on medial surface of thigh; bifurcates in proximal part of leg after it runs over stifle into cr and cd branches

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4
Q

cd branch medial saphenous vein

A

passes cddistally and run sin depression between common calcanea tendon and eep digital flexor to the jock

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5
Q

cr branch medial saphenous vein

A

continues distally crossing medial surface of tibia and anastomoses with cranial tibial vein at hock, ends on dorsomedial surface of hock by giving rise to dorsal common digital vein

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6
Q

veins in hind limb

A

femoral, popliteal, cr tibial, medial and lateral plantar

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7
Q

bony landmarks of pelvis

A

tuber coxae, tuber sacrale, ischiatic tuberosity

- tuber coxae most cr, tuber sacrale most dorsal, ischiatic tiberoslty most cd and ventral

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8
Q

bony landmarks of femur

A

greater, lesser, and 3rd trochanters

  • greater lateral, cr
  • lesser medial
  • 3rd lateral, ventral
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9
Q

what happens over tarsocrural joint

A

anastomosis of cr tibial with cr branch of medial saphenous vein

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10
Q

femoral nerve

A
  • saphenous nerve is a branch of large and important femoral nerve
  • femoral nerve (L4-L6)
  • femoral nerve passes between rectus femoris and vests medals, the cr and medial heads respectively of the quadriceps femoris
  • innervates extensor action of quadriceps on the stifle which is essential to support the limb
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11
Q

gracilis attachments and innervation

A
  • proximal attachment along pelvis (iliopubic eminence/ pubis/ symphysis)
  • distal attachment to cr tibia and medial patellar ligament
  • innervation obturator
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12
Q

adductor attachments and innervation

A
  • proximal attachment along pelvis (iliopubic eminence/ pubis/ symphysis)
  • distal attachment distal femur
  • innervation obturator nerve
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13
Q

pectineus

A
  • proximal attachment along pelvis (iliopubic eminence/ pubis/ symphysis)
  • distal attachment distal femur
  • innervation obturator nerve
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14
Q

sartorius

A
  • proximal attachment along pelvis (iliopubic eminence/ pubis/ symphysis)
  • distal attachment iliac fascia to medial aspect of stifle
  • innervation femoral nerve
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15
Q

adductors

A

gracilis, adductor, pectineus, sartorius (some adduction)

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16
Q

sartorius fx

A

some adduction, hip flexion, only one belly unlike dog who has cr and cd belly

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17
Q

quadriceps femoris 4 heads

A

vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and rectus femoris

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18
Q

quadriceps femoris attachments

A
  • all vastus heads arise from proximal femur
  • rectus femoris arises from ilium just cr to acetabulum
  • all attach via patellar ligaments to tibial tuberosity
  • innervation- via femoral nerve
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19
Q

iliopsoas

A
  • ventral surface of vertebrea (psoas major) and ilium/ sacrum (iliacus) to lesser trochanter
    innervation- ventral branches of lumbar nerves/ lumbosacral plexus likely femoral
20
Q

Superficial gluteal

A
  • tuber coxae/ gluteal fascia to 3rd trochanter

- cr gluteal and cd gluteal nerve

21
Q

deep gluteal

A
  • ischial spine to greater trochanter

- cr gluteal

22
Q

middle gluteal

A
  • gluteal surface of ilium to greater trochanter

- cr gluteal

23
Q

accessory gluteal

A
  • on deep surface of middle gluteal arises form similar region of gluteal surface of ilium as middle gluteal to greater; trochanteric bursa
  • cr gluteal
24
Q

femoral nerve innervates

A
  • iliopsoas (partially)
  • sartorius
  • quadriceps femoris
25
Q

femoral triangle

A

space between the sartorius crly, the pectineus cdly, the external abdominal oblique aponeurosis medially and quadriceps laterally

26
Q

vascular lacuna

A

(dorsal) base of the narrow femoral triangle

27
Q

femoral triangle contains

A

femoral vessels and the deep inguinal lymph nodes

28
Q

deep inguinal lymph nodes

A

receive nearly all the lymph from hindlimb

29
Q

main arterial pipeline of hindlimb

A

aorta -> ex iliac -> cr tibial -> dorsal metatarsal -> (perforating tarsal) -> medial/ lateral plantar and medial / lateral plantar metatarsal -> medial and lateral plantar digital

30
Q

internal iliac artery

A

aorta -> internal iliac artery

  1. internal pudendal
    1a. artery of the bulb of the penis
    1b. prostatic artery
    1c. vaginal
    1cc. uterine branch of vaginal
  2. umbilical artery
    2a. artery of the ductus deferens
  3. cr gluteal
    3a. obturator artery
    3aa. middle artery of the penis
  4. cd gluteal
31
Q

cd gluteal artery

A
  • passes caudally in the dorsolateral wall of the pelvic cavity deep to dorsal attachment of sacrosciatic ligament
  • at middle of sacrum it pierces the ligament and sends several substantial branches into biceps and semitendinosus
  • gives rise to artery of the tail
32
Q

cranial gluteal artery

A
  • immediately gives rise to iliolumbar and large obturator artery
  • passes laterally through greater sciatic foramen and enters gluteus medius
  • accompanied by cr gluteal nerve
33
Q

obturator artery

A
  • is a branch off cr gluteal artery?
  • gives off iliacofemoral artery
  • obturator artery and nerve pass caudoventrally on shaft of ilium to and through obturator foramen which is covered by internal obturator muscle
  • in male it supplies adductors and gives rise to middle and deep arteries of the penis
  • in mare supplies adductors and gives off cd branch to clitoris, the artery of the clitoris
34
Q

iliopsoas function

A

Main hip flexor; flexor of vertebral column

35
Q

superficial gluteal function

A

contributes to extension, abductor (primary)

36
Q

middle gluteal function

A

hip extensor, during extension abduct and rotate pelvic limb medially

37
Q

deep gluteal function

A

hip extensor during extension abduct hip and rotate pelvic limb medially

38
Q

quadriceps femoris function

A

stifle extensor; rectus femoris can participate in hip flexion

39
Q

acetabular notch

A

articular surface of acetabulum is interrupted ventrally by acetabular notch which is bridged by transverse ligament

40
Q

tibial tuberosity

A

cr d part of tibia v to patella

41
Q

patella

A

sesamoid associated with femur

42
Q

medial and lateral condyles

A

rounded portion base of femur at same level as patella

43
Q

medial and lateral supracondylar femoral tuberosity

A

on v portion of femur d to femoral condyle/ d to femoral epicondyle

44
Q

medial saphenous vein

A

on medial surface of thigh; emerges between sartorius and gracilis; branch of femoral vein which lies deeper; bifurcates in proximal part of leg after stifle

45
Q

branches md saphenous vein

A
  • caudal brach passes cd distally and runs in depression between common calcanea tendon and deep digital flexor to the hock
  • cranial branch continues distally, crossing md surface of tibia and anastomoses with cr tibial vein at hock

Equine Anatomy (14 decks)

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