W5: Acquired Brain Injury Flashcards
what does ABI stand for ?
Acquired brain injury (ABI)
what is Acquired brain injury (ABI)?
ABI
- Any damage to the brain that occurs after birth and is not related to a congenital (bẩm sinh) or a degenerative (thoái hóa) disease.
- Injury to the brain
- Results in deterioration (= worse) in cognitive, physical, emotional or independent functioning
Causes of Acquired brain injury (ABI)
- Causes include traumatic injury, seizures (co giật), tumors,
- Events where the brain has been deprived of oxygen,
- Infectious diseases (bện truyền nhiễm)
- Toxic exposure such as substance abuse (lạm dụng chất gây nghiện)
Cause of Traumatic brain injury (TBI)
Caused by an outside event Motor vehicle collisions Falls Sports and recreational injuries Acts of violence Work related accidents Can occur without any signs of physical damage (e.g. Shaken baby syndrome) Lack of oxygen to the brain (Drowning đuối nước, choking hóc, suffocation nghẹt thở, stroke)
Types of ABI?
2 Types of ABI:
-Traumatic brain injury (TBI): Caused by an outside event
-Non-traumatic brain injury: An inside the brain event
what is Non-traumatic brain injury?
Non-traumatic brain injury:
An inside the brain event
Ischemic stroke (stroke from a blocked blood vessel in the brain) Hemorrhagic stroke (stroke from a burst (vỡ) blood vessel in the brain) Aneurysm (a bulge (phình) in a blood vessel in the brain that may leak/rupture)
Seizure disorders
Brain tumour
Poisoning
Substance abuse (lạm dụng chất)
Opioid overdose - quá liều - (heroin, fentanyl, codeine, morphine…)
Infections (Meningitis)
Hydrocephalus (fluid accumulates (=store) in the brain)
Vasculitis (inflammation of the blood vessel walls in the brain)
What is not ABI …
*Congenital Development Problems (bẩm sinh) Cerebral Palsy (bại não) Autism (tự kỷ) Developmental Delay Down's Syndrome Spina Bifida with hydrocephalus Muscular Dystrophy (teo cơ)
*Progressive Processes/Diseases (tiến triển bệnh) Alzheimer's Disease Dementing Processes Amytrophic Lateral Sclerosis Multiple Sclerosis (xơ cứng) Parkinson's Disease & Similar Movement Disorders Huntington's Disease
Problems Associated With Acquired Brain Injury
Physical Changes Sensory changes: Cognitive Changes Emotional Changes Behavioral Changes
Physical Changes in Problems Associated With Acquired Brain Injury
Physical Changes
Fatigue, difficulties with sleeping, insomnia (mất ngủ)
Challenges with walking, sitting, moving from one location to another, bathing, and household tasks
Slurred speech (nói lắp)
Chronic pain, headaches
Changes in vision
Seizures
Damaged blood vessels in the brain
Vertigo (sensation of dizziness/spinning/loss of balance)
Sensory changes in Problems Associated With Acquired Brain Injury
Problems Associated With Acquired Brain Injury
*Sensory changes:
Ringing in the ears Trouble with hand-eye coordination Unpleasant tastes or smells Sensations on the skin like tingling (ngứa) Pain, or itching
Cognitive Changes
Cognitive Changes:(Changes in thinking, learning, decision making)
- understand slowly
- conmunication
- organization, plan
- writing
- with concentrations
- remembering
- learning
- making decisions
- Confusion about time
Emotional Changes
Feeling irritable (cấu kỉnh), having a ‘short fuse’
—>Depression, anxiety, anger
Prone to sudden, extreme emotions for no clear reason
Showing a limited emotional response to situations
Feeling like they have lost their identity, experiencing anxiety about further injuries to the brain
Behavioral Changes
Engaging in risky behavior, impulsive (bốc đồng)
Lack of a ‘filter’, saying things that are inappropriate
Isolating (cô lập) oneself
Difficulty with social and work relationships
Changing/inconsistent sleep patterns
Change in role – often from being independent to relying on others for care and support
Family breakdowns
History of ABI is strongly associated with health problems. What are they?
Seizures Mental health problems Drug & alcohol problems Decreased mental health Decreased physical health
Symptoms of a concussion include?
Concussions are classed as either Mild (nhẹ), Moderate (trung bình), or Severe (nặng)
Amnesia (forgetting things) Confusion Headache Balance problems or dizziness Double or fuzzy vision Sensitivity to light or noise Nausea (buồn nôn) Feeling sluggish, foggy, or groggy (lảo đảo) Feeling unusually irritable (= angry) Concentration or memory problems Slowed reaction time
