EXAM 3 Anesthetic Drug

Question 1

Anesthesia

Answer 1

Loss of feeling/sensation

Question 2

two main types of anesthesia

Answer 2

1. local anesthesia

2. general anesthesia

Question 3

pain free state in a SPECIFIC area or region

Answer 3

local anesthesia.

• patient is awake
• controls own airway
• may require sedation for patient

Question 4

pain free state for ENTIRE BODY

Answer 4

general anesthesia.

• loss of consciousness
• loss of reflexes (gag, swallowing)
• needs to have airway controlled and assistance w/ breathing

Question 5

application of anesthetic to surface of skin or mucous membrane

Answer 5

topical (creams, gels, solutions, ointments)

-usually applied by nurse

Question 6

injection of an anesthetic into tissues

Answer 6

local infiltration.

• used for dental procedure
• suturing of small wounds
• making incision into small area (biopsy)

Question 7

injection of anesthetic into area around selected nerves

Answer 7

regional.

nerves cannot send msg of pain to brain

Question 8

spinal anesthesia

Answer 8

into subarachnoid area of spinal cor

Question 9

conduction blocks

Answer 9

arm or leg, or epidural for obstetrics

Question 10

prepare pt to be anesthetized

Answer 10

• clean area with antiseptic
• pt may need to be NPO
• give sedative if indicated

Question 11

the local anesthetic may be administered with ____ to cause local _______.

Answer 11

epinephrine, vasoconstriction.

Question 12

anesthetic drug stays in the tissue longer when ____ is used.

Answer 12

epinephrine

Question 13

local anesthetics

Answer 13

1. Marcaine
2. Xylocaine, Lidocaine
3. Carbocaine
4. Novocaine
   5, Tetracaine
   (all have caine in name)

Question 14

preanesthetic drugs

Answer 14

Before administration of anesthesia to help prepare the patient

Question 15

preanesthetic drugs may be one or a combination of drugs

Answer 15

1. narcotic or anti-anxiety drugs
2. cholinergic blocking drug
3. Antiemetic drug

Question 16

to decrease anxiety and apprehension before surgery

Answer 16

preanesthetic: narcotic or anti-anxiety drug

Question 17

a calm patient _______.

Answer 17

anesthetizes quicker.

smaller dose of anesthesia needed, smoother recovery

Question 18

to decrease secretions of respiratory tract

Answer 18

preanesthetic: cholinergic blocking drug

Question 19

some anesthesia gases irritate lining of respiratory tract=

Answer 19

increase secretions

Question 20

secretions can pool and cause _____ & _______ .

Answer 20

atelectasis and pneumonia.

Question 21

cholinergic blocking drugs ___ secretions.

Answer 21

dry up

Question 22

decrease incidence of nausea and vomiting in the immediate post-op period

Answer 22

preanesthetic: antiemetic

Question 23

preanesthetics: narcotics

Answer 23

1. Meperidine (Demerol)
2. Morphine
3. Fentanyl

Question 24

preanesthetic barbiturate (sedatives)

Answer 24

1. Pentobarbital (Nembutol)

2. Secobarbital (Seconal)

Question 25

preanesthetic: cholinergic blocking drugs

Answer 25

1. Atropine
2. Glycopyrrolate (Robinul)
3. Scopolamine

Question 26

preanesthetic: antianxiety

Answer 26

1. Diazepam (Valium)
2. Midazolam (Versed)
3. Alprazolam (Xanax)
4. Lorazepam (Ativan)
5. Hydroxyzine (Vistaril)

Question 27

nursing care for pt with pre-op medication

Answer 27

1. Consent form signed before pre-op meds
2. Explains procedure
3. NPO after midnight for most procedures
4. Inform patient of post op care routine:
   >Recovery room
   >Turn, Cough, Deep Breathing
   >Pain med available, notify nurse
5. Have patient void if possible before giving pre-op med
6. Many pre-ops given “on-call”
7. Side rails up after admin of medication
8. On going = make sure chart is ready
   >Labs, vital signs, consent form, valuables secured

Question 28

Drugs Used During General Anesthesia: Short Acting Barbiturates

Answer 28

for induction of anesthesia (putting patient to sleep)

Question 29

Drugs Used During General Anesthesia: General Anesthetics

Answer 29

for maintenance of anesthesia (the gases) (some have analgesic properties also

Question 30

Drugs Used During General Anesthesia: Muscle Relaxants (NMBA)

Answer 30

for relaxation of skeletal muscle and paralysis respiratory muscles-need mechanical ventilation

Question 31

muscle relaxant

Answer 31

• Paralysis of muscles
• Pt cannot breath for themself
• Pt needs to be on ventilator
• airway/breathing controled

Question 32

muscle relaxant: these meds are _____ at end of surgery so pt can __________ post op.

Answer 32

reversed, breathe on own.

Question 33

anesthesia gas

Answer 33

1. Halothane
2. Ethrane
3. Forane

Question 34

anesthesia gasses mixed with oxygen-

Answer 34

deepen sleep and provide anesthesia

Question 35

some anesthesia gasses have-

Answer 35

analgesia properties

Question 36

stages of general anesthesia

Answer 36

1. Stage of analgesia (induction)
2. Stage of delirium
3. Surgical analgesia
4. respiratory paralysia

Question 37

1. stage of analgesia

Answer 37

• until loss of consciousness

- short stage

Question 38

2. stage of delirium

Answer 38

-muscles rigid, may be felt but not remembered

Question 39

3. surgical analgesia

Answer 39

divided into 4 planes, (1-4=light to deep), pt is usually ready for procedure at planes 2 or 3.

Question 40

4. respiratory paralysis

Answer 40

rare and dangerous stage of anesthesia.

-resp. arrest & cessation of VS may occur

Question 41

post anesthesia

Answer 41

1. Patency of airway – (need for oxygen, suctioning)
2. Vital Signs q 5-15 min
3. Position so patient does not aspirate
4. Check dressing, IV lines, tubes, etc
5. Care with pain med after anesthesia has wore off and is deemed safe to medicate patient