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SRNAChem&Physics > GAS LAWs > Flashcards

GAS LAWs Flashcards

1
Q

Gases definition

A

Gases are compressible and expand to fill the available volume.

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2
Q

There are 3 variables in the Gas Law equations:

A

Pressure
Temperature
Volume

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3
Q

When one of these values is _______, the 3 gas laws

A

constant; predict the relationship between the other two.

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4
Q

Name 4 Laws

A

Boyle’s Law
Charles Law
Avogadro’s Law
Gay Lussac’s Law

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5
Q

Boyle’s Law (VP)

A

V1 * P1 = V2* P2

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6
Q

Charles’s Law

A

V1/ T1 = V2/T2

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7
Q

Avogadro’s Law

A

V1/n1 = V2/n2

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8
Q

Gay-Lussac’s Law

A

P1/T1 = P2/T2

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9
Q

Ideal Gas Law

A

PV = nRT

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10
Q

Combined Gas law

A

P1 x V1/T1 = P2x V2 / T2

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11
Q

The ideal gas law is most accurate for monatomic gases favored at

A

high temperatures and low pressures

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12
Q

A value for R is determined under a set of standard conditions called _____

A

standard temperature and pressure”, or

STP.

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13
Q

Standard temperature is defined as ___C or ____K

A

0c or 273K.

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14
Q

Standard pressure use to be 1 atm. Using atm/L/mol/K the value is calculated as 0.0821.
However, Standard pressure was changed recently to match SI Units and is now defined as_______

A

atm/L/mol/K ; 0.0821.

and is now defined as 100 kP

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15
Q

kPa/L/mol/K the value is calculated as

A

8.31.

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16
Q

The numeric value for R depends on which units are

A

being used to represent pressure in STP.

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17
Q

If atm, R =

If kPa, R =

A
  1. 0821 (old way)

8. 31 (new way)

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18
Q

At STP (_____ kPa, _____K) 1 mole of any gas takes up _____L.

A

(101.3 kPa, 273K) 1 mole of any gas takes up 22.7 L.

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19
Q

R is expressed in

A

L/mol/K

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20
Q

Defined Boyle’s Law

A

The Volume of a gas is inversely proportional to Pressure, if temperature and moles are constant

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21
Q

Boyle’s Law

Increasing pressure, volume ________. This is an ______relationship

A

We can see that by increasing the pressure on a gas, its volume decreases. This is an inverse, relationship. As one
variable goes up, the other goes down, and vice versa.

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22
Q

Applications of Gas Law

A

Ambubag being squeezed (increased pressure = decreased volume)
Pushing syringe against resistance (increased pressure = decreased volume)
Inspiration (negative pressure leads to increased volume)
Oxygen cylinder (gas being forced from a larger to smaller container results in
increased pressure in the cylinder

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23
Q

Define Charle’s Law

A

The Volume of a gas is directly proportional to Temperature (Kelvin), if pressure and moles are constant

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24
Q

For Charle’s Law, By increasing the temperature

A

he gas expands increasing

the volume. This is a direct relationship.

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25
Q

State Avogadro’s law

There is a ______relationship

A

As moles of gas increase, the volume increases, and vice versa, if pressure & temperature are constant.
direct

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26
Q

Avogadro’s law example

A

Using rigid container with movable piston.

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27
Q

Avogadro’s law

(Avogadro’s hypothesis) is one of the gas laws.

A

Equal volumes of gases, at the same temperature and pressure,
contain the same number of particles, or molecules.

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28
Q

The most important consequence of Avogadro’s law is the following:

A

The ideal gas constant has the same value for all gases.
One moles of an ideal gas occupies **22.7 liters (dm^3) **at STP (use to be 22.4 L but was changed by IUPAC). This volume is often referred to as the molar volume of an ideal gas. Real gases may deviate from
this value.

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29
Q

A mole is the STP unit of measurement for the amount of a

substance.

A

STP unit of measurement for the amount of a substance.

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30
Q

Mole =

A

given weight/molecular weight

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31
Q

The number of molecules in one mole is called Avogadro’s number =

A

approximately 6.022 ×1023 particles per mole.

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32
Q

Avogadro’s law, together with the ______Formed the ______law

A

the combined gas law, forms the ideal

gas law.

33
Q

Gay-Lussac’s Law

A

As temperature increases, pressure increases, and vice

versa (if volume and moles are constant)

34
Q

The ideal gas law is the equation of state of an ideal gas.

T

A

of state of an ideal gas.

35
Q

The state of an amount of gas is determined by its______, ______ and ______

A

pressure, volume, and temperature.

36
Q

Combined gas law.

A

Used for situations where the value of one or more variables is changing. For example a change in volume and/or pressure and/or temperature and/or the number
of moles.

37
Q

For the combined gas law Any variables not mentioned can be eliminated from the equation.

A

be eliminated from the equation.

38
Q

The gas laws allow us to calculate the behavior of gases

A

when one of the three factors of pressure, volume, or temperature is maintained unchanged.

39
Q

Boyle is a

A

VP

40
Q

Charles likes

A

VT

41
Q

Gay-Lussac is a

A

PT

42
Q

Avogadro likes

A

Vn

43
Q

Easiest way is to

A

asiest way is to read the problem and determine if there is a change going on. In other words, is there
a “before” and an “after”. Then fill in all the given
variables and match to the appropriate equation.

44
Q

May have to convert

A

Celcius to Kelvin

45
Q

Charles’ law demonstrates vice versa.

A

temperature and volume have a direct relationship, which means that the values
always move in the same direction. As the temperature decreases, the volume also decreases and vice versa.

46
Q

Third Law of Ideal gases

A

At constant Volume the absolute Pressure of a given mass varies directly with the absolute
Temperature

47
Q

Vapor pressure

A

pressure exerted by a vapor

48
Q

Triple point is

A

The temperature and pressure at which
it exists simultaneously, in thermodynamic
equilibrium, as a solid, liquid and gas

49
Q

Room Air at 1 atmosphere = 760mmHg

A

Air is a mixture of gases; each contributes its partial pressure to the total of 760mmHg. nitrogen constitutes 78.6%, O2 21%, etc. of the atmosphere so multiply the fraction of gas by total to get it’s partial
pressure:

50
Q

Dalton’s Law of Partial pressure.

A

PTotal = P1 + P2 + P3 …

51
Q

All matter exists in one of three states or phases

A

Solid, liquid, or gas

52
Q

When a gas co-exists in equilibrium with its corresponding liquid, the gas is termed a vapor

A

termed a vapor

53
Q

In chemistry and physics, Dalton’s law (also called Dalton’s law of partial pressures) states that the tses do not react with each other.

A

the total pressure exerted by a gaseous mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of each individual component
in a gas mixture. It is assumed that the gases do not react with each other.

54
Q

The combined gas law combines

A

Charles’s law, Boyle’s law, and Gay-Lussac’s law.

55
Q

The combined gas law combines (CBG)

A

Charles’s law, Boyle’s law, and Gay-Lussac’s law.

56
Q

Combined law

A

The law states that the product of the volume of a gas and its pressure over the temperature is equal to a constant

57
Q

Gay-Lussac’s law shows a direct relationship between pressure and temperature,

A

that if temperature increases, so does the pressure

the gas exerts.

58
Q

To find total pressure

A

add all partial pressures together.

59
Q

According to Gay-Lussac’s law, if

the pressure decreases, the temperature

A

should decrease.

60
Q

According to Gay-Lussac’s law, if
the pressure decreases, the temperature
If pressure increases, temperature______

A

should decrease.

increases

61
Q

Hormonal control of BP steps:

A

Renin –> Angiotensinogen –>Angiotensin I –> ACE –> Angiotensin II–> Vasoconstriction = increased BP
–>Aldosterone : stims. Kidney to reabsorb Na+, water follows salt = increased BP

62
Q

At STP, Pressure is
Temperature is
Volume of 1 mole

A

100KPa
273K
22.7 L

63
Q

Ideal Gas law applied exactly to only ideal gas which______however, when does real gases approach ideal gases behavior?

A

does not exist

As pressure decrease, TEMPERATURE INCREASES

64
Q

Boyle’s law states

A

the volume of a fixed quantity of gas is INVERSELY PROPORTIONAL to the pressure

65
Q

When should you use the Ideal gas law?

A

when the problem described only a single state (Temp, pressure and/or volume)
The EMPIRICAL gas laws are useful for changing the state of a gas (P,n, V and or T change)

66
Q

What is R and has unit of

A

Universal gas constant; energy/mol/K –>8.31 J/mol/K

67
Q

What is STP?

A

Standard temperature and pressure

68
Q

What is the standard molar volume of an ideal gas?

A

Is the volume occupied by 1 mole of gas at STP. the SMV is 22.7L.

69
Q

How do you find the SMV?

A

Start with ideal gas law –> PV=nRT

70
Q

When calculating volume for ideal gas law

A

V = nRT/P

71
Q

What will happen to the volume of a gas if both the pressure and temperature are increased?

A

Increasing the pressure will decrease the volume, increasing the temperature will increase the volume. The change in volume depend on the relative sizes of the changes in temperature and pressure

72
Q

Dalton’s law

A

Total pressure in a mixture of gases is equal to the pressure that each component exert in the absence of all others. Called the partial pressure.

73
Q

The greater atomic mass of two gas will

A

Travel in more time , the gas with the less atomic mass will take less time.

74
Q

BREATHING IS BASED ON THIS LAW

A

Boyle’s law

75
Q

When concerned about the non-ideal behavior of gases, it is best to use this law

A

Van der Waals equation

76
Q

Uranium is enriched by allowing mixtures of U and u to race down a long tube

A

Graham’s Law

77
Q

The composition of a gaseous mixture is measure by the pressure of each gas?

A

Dalton’s Law

78
Q

You know your tires are good, but they look flatter in the winter, Assume the pressure has not changed,

A

Charle’s Law

79
Q

This gas law is best to using with dealing with gas in a single state

A

Ideal Gas law

SRNAChem&Physics (13 decks)

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