Respiratory

Question 1

What does it mean if the oxygen dissociation curve moves to the left?

Answer 1

It means Hb has a stronger association for O2, i.e. it binds it more strongly so Hb sat has gone up but O2 delivery to tissue goes down

Question 2

What can shift the Oxygen Dissociation Curve to the left? (i.e. more associated)

Answer 2

Low [H+] (alkali)
Low pCO2
Low 2,3-DPG
Low temperature

The “L” rule

Question 3

What can shift the Oxygen Dissociation Curve to the Right?

Answer 3

CADET:

CO2
Acid
2,3-DPG
Exercise
Temperature

Question 4

Most common cause of bronchiolitis?

Answer 4

RSV - Resp Syncytial Virus

Question 5

Wegener’s (GPA) and Goodpasture’s can both cause renal impairment and haemoptysis. How do they look different on renal biopsy?

Answer 5

Wegener’s - Crescentric Glomerulonephritis

Goodpasture’s – Linear IgG deposits in basement membrane

Question 6

How do you get hypercalcaemia in sarcoid?

Answer 6

Macrophages increase conversion of Vit D to its active form (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol)

Question 7

smooth non-tender fluctuant lump on side of neck?

What about on front?

Answer 7

Side = Branchial cyst

Front = Could be thyroglossal cyst

Question 8

how is an alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency inherited?

Answer 8

Autosomal Recessive