Canada's Historical Geography Flashcards
who were the first people to set foot in North America
The “old hunters”
corridor theory
estimated that an ice free corridor appeared about 13000 to 14000
The sea route theory
old world hunters reaching the interior of north america before the ice sheet began to melt, namely by island hopping alon the sea edge of the cordillera ice sheet.
define cultural regions
specific territories that aboriginal people occupied and modelled their behaviour to
how many languages were originally spoken (first peoples)
55 languages
how many people were estimated to be living in Canada at the time of first contact
500,000
By 1871 what was the indigenous population and why had it decreased
122,700 (roughly 123,000)
Loss of hunting grounds, diseases brought by colonizers and also conflicts (muuuurder)
how many first nations are scattered across Canada
approx 615
recount Paleo-Indians
paleo-indians known as clovis originally inhabited new mexico. estimated to have made contact with north america more than 11,000 years ago. They discovered paleo-indian designed spears in the prairies that were 11,500 old
when did John Cabot (first euro) land in Canada
1497 followed by Cartier and Forbisher
In 1953 Cartier encountered two indian tribes along where
Gaspe Coast
In 1957 Frobisher encountered an inuit ecampment along where
along the arctic coast of Baffin Island
what was the first permenent settlement in Canada during colonization
Quebec City 1608
The first large wave of british immigrants cconsisted who
refugees from The US, loyalists who supported Britain during the American war of independence (1783)
After defeating Britain they sought refuge in other branches of the british colonies. Most settled in Nova Scotia, but some in quebec and montreal
Which region became the boundary between US and Canada originally
St. Lawrence/ Great Lakes
What year was the british conquest of France
1759 which shifted the french speaking majority
When was confederation, which provinces were joined and why
1867, Upper and lower Canada (Quebec and Ontario) Nova scotia and New Brunswick. The english empire believed joining these provinces would prevent annexation by the US
How did each linguistic group see the Canadian vision
The french saw it as an equal founding of two peoples where England saw it as a collective of equal provinces under british dominance
How did the english justify their version of the Canadian vision
1) Nature of confederation meant all provinces were shared equally
2) British formed the majority of the populice and therefore dominated voting
3) saw themselves as the business leaders
In the early 20th century settlement of western Canada followed which 3 important events
Ottawa obtainiing land of the Hudson’s Bay Co in 1870
The Dominion Lands Act (short title for An Act Respecting the Public Lands of the Dominion) (the Act) was an 1872 Canadian law that aimed to encourage the settlement of the Canadian Prairies and to help prevent the area being claimed by the United States.
The completion of the Canadian pacific railway in 1885
Why did Ottawa encourage settlement in the early 20th century (English, Canadians and American’s becoming Homesteaders)
1) the threat of annexation would be illiminated
2) Grain economy would benefit the nation and create freight for the CPR
