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BIO 1510 > exam 2 questions > Flashcards

exam 2 questions Flashcards

1
Q

which of the following statements is NOT part of the cell theory?

A

eukaryotic cells have evolved from prokaryotic cells

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2
Q

all cells have all of the following except

a) plasma membrane
b) genetic material
c) cytoplasm
d) cell wall

A

cell wall

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3
Q

eukaryotic cells are more complex than prokaryotic cells. which of the following are found only in a eukaryotic cell?a) cell wall

b) plasma membrane
c) ER
d) ribosomes

A

ER

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4
Q

which of the following are differences between bacteria and archaea?

A

the molecular architecture of their cell walls

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5
Q

the cytoskeleton includes

A

intermediate filaments made of twisted fibers of vimentin and keratin

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6
Q

the smooth ER is

A

the site of lipid and membrane synthesis

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7
Q

plasmodesmata in plants and gap junctions in animals are functionally similar in that

A

they form channels between cells that allow diffusion of small molecules

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8
Q

the most important factor that limits the size of a cells is the

A

surface area-to-volume ratio of the cell

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9
Q

all eukaryotic cells possess each of the following except

a) mitochondria
b) cell wall
c) cytoskeleton
d) nucleus

A

cell wall

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10
Q

adherens junctions, which contain cadherin, are found in all animals. Given this, which of the following predictions is most likely?

A

cadherins would be found in the ancestor to all animals

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11
Q

different motor proteins like kinesin and myosin are similar in that they can

A

use e from ATP to produce movement

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12
Q

the protein sorting pathway involves the following organelles/compartments in order

A

RER, transport vesicle, Golgi, final destination

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13
Q

chloroplasts and mitochondria have many common features bc both

A

arose by endosymbiosis

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14
Q

eukaryotic cells are composed of 3 types of cytoskeletal filaments. How are these 3 filaments similar?

A

they contribute to the shape of the cell

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15
Q

the fluid mosaic model of the membrane describes the membrane as

A

made up of proteins and lipids that can freely move

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16
Q

what chemical property characterizes the interior of the phospholipid bilayer

A

it is hydrophobic

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17
Q

the transmembrane domain of an integral membrane protein

A

is composed of hydrophobic amino acids, often forms an a-helical structure, can cross the membrane multiple times

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18
Q

the specific function of a membrane within a cell is determined by the

A

type and number of membrane proteins

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19
Q

the movement of water across a membrane is dependent on

A

the solute concentration

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20
Q

if a cell is in an isotonic environment, then

A

osmosis still occurs, but there is no net gain or loss of cell volume

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21
Q

which of the following is NOT a mechanism for bringing material into a cell

A

exocytosis

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22
Q

a bacteria cell that can alter the composition of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in its membrane lipids is adapted to a cold environment. If this cell is shifted to a warmer environment, it will react by

A

increasing the degree of saturated fatty acids in its membrane

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23
Q

what variable(s) influence(s) whether a non polar molecule can move across a membrane by passive diffusion?

A

the difference in conc of the molecule across the membrane

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24
Q

which of the following does NOT contribute to the selective permeability of a biological membrane?

A

hydrogen bond formation between water and phosphate groups

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25
Q

how are active transport and coupled transport related?

A

coupled transport uses the conc gradient established by active transport

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26
Q

a cell can use the process of facilitated diffusion to

A

move ions or large polar molecules from a region of high conc to a region of low conc

27
Q

which of the following would be an example of a biomarker?

A

a hydrocarbon found in an ancient rock layer

28
Q

a cell that can use e from the sun, and CO2 as a carbon source is a

A

photoautotroph

29
Q

gram positive (+) and gram (-) bacteria are characterized by differences in

A

the cell wall: gram + have a thick layer of peptidoglycan and gram - have an outer membrane

30
Q

which of the following characteristics is unique to the archaea?

A

ether-linked phosolipids

31
Q

the horizontal transfer of DNA using a plasmid is an example of

A

conjugation

32
Q

the disease tuberculosis is

A

caused by a bacterial pathogen

33
Q

prokaryotes participate in the global cycling of

A

carbon and nitrogen

34
Q

which of the following is typically NOT associated with a prokaryote?

A

multiple, linear chromosomes

35
Q

the mechanisms of DNA exchange in prokaryotes share the feature of

A

horizontal transfer of info

36
Q

the cell wall in both gram-positive and gram-negative cells is

A

a target for antibiotics that affect peptidoglycan synthesis

37
Q

the three domains of life

A

consist of three different basic cell types

38
Q

ulcers and tooth decay do not appear related, but in fact both

A

can be due to bacterial infection

39
Q

bacteria lack independent internal membrane systems, but are able to perform psyn and resp, both of which use membranes. they are able to perform these functions bc

A

invaginations of the plasma membrane can provide an internal membrane surface

40
Q

plants cannot fix nitrogen, yet some plants do NOT need nitrogen from the soil. This is because…

A

of a symbiotic association with a bacterium that can fix nitrogen

41
Q

T or F: Prokaryotic conjugation which results in the transfer and insertion of the F plasmid into a recipient cell’s chromosome leads to the formation an F+ cell.

A

false

42
Q

T or F: Unsaturated fatty acids make cell membranes more fluid than saturated fatty acids.

A

true

43
Q

Plasmids are distinguished from bacterial chromosomes in that

A

plasmids have few genes, bacterial chromosomes have many genes

44
Q

Which of these bulk transport mechanisms is used in animals to secrete hormones, neurotransmitters ordigestive enzymes?

A

Exocytosis

45
Q

While water continually orients phospholipids into a lipid bilayer, it does not fix thelipids permanently into position. Thus, the bilayer is considered to be ________

A

fluid

46
Q

The lipid layer that forms the foundation of cell membranes is primarily composed ofmolecules called ________.

A

phospholipids

47
Q

a cytologist is examining a tissue under an electron microscope. He notices that theendoplasmic reticulum of each cell is extremely rough in appearance and he knows thatthe rough appearance is because of the ribosomes embedded there. He asks why there areso many ribosomes. You respond,

A

“This tissue exports proteins to other areas of the body.”

48
Q

The semi-fluid matrix that surrounds organelles in a cell is called the:

A

cytoplasm

49
Q 
Which of these is not a mechanism of vertical gene transfer in prokaryotes?
A) transformation
B) Conjugation
C) none
D) transduction
A

none

50
Q

Prokaryotes undergo a process that produces cells that are identical. This process is called

A

binary fission

51
Q

Which of these prokaryotic organsisms is called the “Silent STD”?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

52
Q

if the label on a slide reads Gram-positive bacillus, what would a students expect to see?

A

Purple rod shaped cells

53
Q

Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a membrane in response to the concentration ofone or more of the ________.

A

solutes

54
Q

In a single sodium-potassium pump cycle, ATP is used with the result that

A

3 sodium ions leave and 2 potassium ions enter.

55
Q

The type of movement that is specific and requires carrier molecules and energy is

A

active transport

56
Q

Some prokaryotes attach to other substrates by hairlike outgrowths, which are shorter than flagella. These are called

A

pili.

57
Q

Which of the following enables a cell to pick up and concentrate a specific type of molecule?

A

receptor-mediated endocytosis

58
Q

If left untreated, syphilis infections go through four stages. The first stage is a sore calleda chancre. The signs of the second stage are

A

rash, sore throat, and sores in the mouth

59
Q

Organelles that breakdown hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen are:

A

peroxisomes.

60
Q

The part of a membrane protein that extends through the phospholipid bilayer is primarily composed of amino acids that are

A

non-polar.

61
Q

Small cells function more effectively, because as cells become larger their surface area to volume ratio:

A

decreases

62
Q

On the outer surface of the plasma membrane there are marker molecules that identify the cell type. Often these molecules are

A

carbohydrate chains

63
Q

Current classification of prokaryotes is based on

A

sequencing of proteins, DNA, and RNA.

64
Q

The movement of substances to regions of lower concentration is called

A

diffusion

BIO 1510 (10 decks)

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