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Dermatology > Benign & Premalignant Skin Lesions > Flashcards

Benign & Premalignant Skin Lesions Flashcards

1
Q

What lesion is this?

A

Seborrhoeic keratoses

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2
Q

What lesion is this?

A

Viral Warts

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3
Q

What lesion is this?

A

Cyst

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4
Q

What lesion is this?

A

Lipoma

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5
Q

What lesion is this?

A

Pyogenic Granuloma - type of vascular lesion

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6
Q

What lesion is this?

A

Angioma - type of vascular lesion

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7
Q

What lesion is this?

A

Actinic Keratoses

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8
Q

What lesion is this?

A

Bowen’s Disease

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9
Q

How are skin lesions described?

A

Site
Size
Shape
Colour

Palpate

Check lymph nodes

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10
Q

What factors are you checking for when palpating skin lesions?

A

Mobility

Surface changes

Temperature

Consistency

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11
Q

What are Seborrhoeic keratoses?

A

Warty growths

Often present with cherry angiomas

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12
Q

How are Seborrhoeic keratoses treated?

A

(only if troublesome)

Cryotherapy
Curettage

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13
Q

What are the pros of cryotherapy?

A

Cheap and Easy

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14
Q

What are the cons of cryotherapy?

A

Scars

Can fail

No histology

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15
Q

What is the Sign of Leser-Trelat?

A

Widespread seborrhoeic keratosis in younger individual

Paraneoplastic phenomenon:

GI adenocarcinoma

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16
Q

What is the cause of viral warts?

A

Human Papillomavirus

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17
Q

How do viral warts appear?

A

Rough hyperkeratotic papules

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18
Q

How are viral warts treated?

A

Difficult, will often clear automatically

Cryotherapy

Wart paints

Curettage if severe

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19
Q

What factor must you be aware of in patients with new warts?

A

Immunocompromised?

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20
Q

Name 6 types of cyst?

A

Epidermoid

Pilar

Steatocystoma

Dermoid

Hidrocystoma (eye)

Ganglion

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21
Q

How are cysts treated?

A

Excision

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22
Q

How are inflamed/infected cysts treated?

A

Antibiotics

Intralesional steroids

Incision + Drainage

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23
Q

How are dermatofibromas differentated from cysts?

A

Dimple size

Squeeze:
Dermatofibromas - form dimples

Cysts - Bulge/pucker

24
Q

What is a dermatofibroma?

A

Benign proliferation of fibroblasts - associated with trauma

25
Q

How do dermatofibromas present?

A

Firm, pink nodule, mobile over fat

Asymptomatic

May be itchy

26
Q

How are dermatofibromas treated?

A

Excision if symptomatic

27
Q

What is a lipoma?

A

Benign tumour of fat cells

Smooth rubbery subcutaneous mass

28
Q

When are lipomas removed?

A

If changing

29
Q

Tender lipoma may be what?

A

Angiolipoma

Liposarcoma

30
Q

Name 2 vascular lesions?

A

Angioma

Pyogenic granuloma

31
Q

What is a pyogenic granuloma?

A

Rapidly enlarging, red growth

Often at site of trauma

Bleed easily

32
Q

Where are pyogenic granuloma most common?

A

5% pregnancies

Head and hands

33
Q

How are pyogenic granuloma treated?

A

Curettage

Cautery

34
Q

What are angioma?

A

Vascular lesion - overgrowth of blood vessels in the skin due to proliferating endothelial cells

35
Q

How do angioma present?

A

Asymptomatic - may bleed

Red, compressable lesions

36
Q

Angioma are more common in what?

A

Liver disease

Pregnancy

37
Q

Name 3 kinds of pre-malignant lesions

A

Melanoma-in-situ

Bowen’s disease

Actinic Keratoses

38
Q

What are the risk factors for pre-malignant lesions?

A

UV radiation

DNA damage

Immunosuppression

39
Q

What do UV A and B do?

A

UVA - Ages (SPF)

UVB - Burns (Star rating)

40
Q

What is the process of cell damage?

A

Normal
↓
Hyperplasia
↓
Dysplasia
↓
In-situ disease
↓
Invasive malignancy

41
Q

What are Actinic Keratoses?

A

Pre-malignant lesions

Rough scaly patches on sun damaged skin

42
Q

Actinic Keratoses have a risk of what?

A

Low risk Transformation into Squamous cell carcinoma

43
Q

How are Actinic Keratoses treated?

A

Cryotherapy

Curettage

Diclofenac gel

Imiquimod

44
Q

What is Bowen’s disease?

A

In-situ squamous cell carcinoma

Full thickness dysplasia within epidermis
(cant metastasise)

45
Q

How does bowen’s disease present?

A

Irregular, scaly erythematous plaque

46
Q

What proportion of Bowen’s disease plaques can become malignant?

A

5%

47
Q

How is Bowen’s disease treated?

A

Cryotherapy

Curettage

Photodynamic therapy

Imiquimod

48
Q

What is the process of Photo-dynamic therapy?

A

Photochemical reaction to selectively destroy cancer cells

Apply photosensitizing agent

Red light applied

(reaction)

49
Q

What is Curettage?

A

Lesion scraped off

Heat applied to seal vessels and destroy residual cancer

50
Q

Imiquimod is indicated in what?

A

Genital warts

Actinic Keratoses

Bowen’s disease

51
Q

How does Imiquimod work?

A

Modifies immune response

Stimulates cytokine response → inflammation and destruction of lesion

52
Q

What are the pros of imiquimod?

A

Useful when surgery undesirable

Good cosmetic result

53
Q

What are the cons of imiquimod?

A

6 weeks treatment

Significant inflammation

Can fail - recur

54
Q

What is melanoma in situ?

A

Melanoma cells confined to epidermis

No metastatic potential

Treated with excision

55
Q

How can excess sun exposure be avoided?

A

Avoid sun 10am-4pm
Avoid sunbeds

Sunscreen - UV A&B
SPF 30/4 star
2 tablespoons every 2 hours

Dermatology (8 decks)

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