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Dermatology > Infections and Infestations of the Skin > Flashcards

Infections and Infestations of the Skin Flashcards

1
Q

What lesion is this?

A

Impetigo

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2
Q

What lesion is this?

A

Folliculitis

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3
Q

What lesion is this?

A

Erysipelas

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4
Q

What lesion is this?

A

Cellulitis

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5
Q

What lesion is this?

A

Primary Syphilis (syphilitic chancre)

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6
Q

What lesion is this?

A

Secondary Syphilis

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7
Q

What lesion is this?

A

Tertiary syphilis

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8
Q

What lesion is this?

A

Herpes Simplex virus

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9
Q

What lesion is this?

A

Chickenpox

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10
Q

What lesion is this?

A

Singles

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11
Q

What lesion is this?

A

Viral Warts

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12
Q

What lesion is this?

A

Molluscum Contagiosum

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13
Q

What lesion is this?

A

Dermatophytosis (ringworm)

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14
Q

What lesion is this?

A

Candidiasis

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15
Q

What lesion is this?

A

Pityriasis versicolor

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16
Q

What lesion is this?

A

Head lice

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17
Q

What lesion is this?

A

Scabies (burrow)

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18
Q

What are the most common bacterial skin infections?

A

Impetigo

Folliculitis

Erysipelas

Cellulitis

Syphilis

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19
Q

What is the most common bacterial infection in children?

A

Impetigo

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20
Q

What are the predisposing factors for impetigo?

A

Warm temperature

High humidity

Poor hygiene

Skin trauma

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21
Q

What pathogens are responsible for impetigo?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

Streptococcus pyogenes

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22
Q

How is impetigo treated?

A

Local wound care

Topical antibiotics

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23
Q

How does impetigo typically present?

A

Honey coloured yellow crust - superficial erosion

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24
Q

What is folliculitis?

A

Infection of the hair follicle

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25
Q

Which pathogen is typically responsible for folliculitis?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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26
Q

What are the predisposing factors for folliculitis?

A

Occulsion

Maceration

Hyperhydration

Shaving/waxing

Topical corticosteroids

Diabetes

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27
Q

Which areas of skin are typically affected by folliculitis?

A

Face
Chest
Back
Axillae
Buttocks

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28
Q

How is folliculitis investigated?

A

Bacterial cultures

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29
Q

How is folliculitis treated?

A

Antibacterial washes/ointments

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30
Q

What is Erysipelas?

A

Infection of the dermis with lymphatic involvement

Erythema with well defined margins

Affected skin hot, tense, indurated

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31
Q

Which groups are typically affected by Erysipelas?

A

Young, old

Lymphedema

Chronic cutaneous ulcers

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32
Q

Which areas of skin are typically affected by erysipelas?

A

Face

Lower extremities

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33
Q

How is erysipelas diagnosed?

A

Clinical

Elevated leucocytes

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34
Q

How is Erysipelas differentiated from cellulitis?

A

Erysipelas shows elevated leukocytes

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35
Q

How is Erysipelas diagnosed?

A

10-14d Penicillin

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36
Q

What pathogen causes erysipelas?

A

Group A Strep

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37
Q

How does erysipelas typically present?

A

Fever, chills, malaise, nausea

Red, inflamed dermis

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38
Q

What is Cellulitis?

A

Infection causing inflammation of the dermis and subcutaneous tissues

39
Q

What pathogens are associated with cellulitis?

A
  • Strep pyogenes*
  • Staph aureus*
40
Q

What conditions are can predispose cellulitis?

A

Lymphedema

Alcoholism

Diabetes mellitus

IVDA

Peripheral vascular disease

41
Q

How does cellulitis present?

A

Area of rubor, calor, dolor, tumor

Ill-defined, non-palpable borders

42
Q

Which areas are most commonly affected by cellulitis?

A

Children: head and neck

Adults: extremities

43
Q

How is cellulitis diagnosed?

A

Clinical

44
Q

How is cellulitis treated?

A

Antibiotics

(symptomatic)

45
Q

What pathogen causes syphilis?

A

Treponema pallidum

46
Q

How does secondary syphilis present?

A

Widespread rash:
Red/brown papules
Trunk, palms, soles
DOESNT ITCH

Flu-like symptoms

47
Q

How does primary syphilis present?

A

Painless ulcer - chancre

Heals within 4-8 weeks

(mouth, genitals, anus)

48
Q

How does tertiary syphilis present?

A

Infectious patient

Solitary granulomatous lesions (gummas)

Brain, spinal cord, heart, liver, eyes may be involved

49
Q

How is syphilis diagnosed?

A

Serological tests (5-6 weeks post infetion)

Non-specific non-treponemal tests (VDRL)

Specific anti-treponemal antibody tests (TTPA)

50
Q

How is syphilis treated?

A

IV penicillin

51
Q

How does HSV-1 present?

A

90% of mandems
Oral/lips

Asymptomatic <10y/o

52
Q

How does HSV2 present?

A

Genital infection

53
Q

How do HSV sores present?

A

Sore areas with erethematous base

Pustules –> Ulcerations

54
Q

How is HSV treated?

A

Topical/systemic Antivirals

55
Q

Chickenpox and Shingles are associated with which pathogens?

A

Varicella-Zoster Virus

56
Q

How does Chickenpox present?

A

Acute fever

Blistered rash
(red macules, vesicules, pustules)

57
Q

How is chickenpox treated?

A

Sympmatically

Calamine lotion

58
Q

How does shingles present?

A

Rash along a single dermatome

59
Q

Why does shingles present in a single dermatome?

A

Varicella Zoster virus remains dormant in a dorsal root ganglion nerve cell

60
Q

What complications are associated with Shingles?

A

Infection

Post-herpetic neuralgia

61
Q

How is shingles managed?

A

Keep area clean

Pain relief

Rest

62
Q

Which pathogen is associated with viral warts?

A

Human papillomavirus

63
Q

How do viral warts present?

A

Pain/discomfort

Hyperkeratotic papules/plaques

64
Q

How are viral warts managed?

A

Salicylic acid

Cryotherapy (adults)

Secondary care referral

65
Q

When should viral wart patients be referred to secondary care?

A

Diagnostic uncertainty

Immunocompromised

Warts large/extensive

66
Q

What pathogens are associated with Molloscum Contagiosum?

A

Poxvirus - poxviridae family

67
Q

Which patients are typically affected by molloscum contagiosum?

A

Infants, <10y/o

68
Q

How does Molluscum contagiosum present?

A

Round, firm perly papules with waxy surface

Skinfolds

Genitals

69
Q

How is Molloscum Contagiosum treated?

A

Curettage

Liquid Nitrogen

Chemovesicants

70
Q

Which tissues are commonly affected by dermatophytosis?

A

Keratinized tissue

Hair, nails, skin

71
Q

Which tissues are commonly affected by candidiasis?

A

Opportunistic fungi - moist areas of skin

72
Q

What is dermatophytosis?

A

Ringworm

73
Q

Which form of Dermatophytoses is most common in children?

A

Tinea capitis - scalp

74
Q

What is tinea cruris?

A

Ringworm of groin

75
Q

What is tinea pedis?

A

Ringworm of foot

76
Q

What is tinea unguium?

A

Ringworm of the nail

77
Q

Dermatophytoses are most common in which patients?

A

Postpubertal

78
Q

What pathogen is associated with mucocutaneous candida infections?

A

Candida albicans

79
Q

How do candida infections present?

A

Erythematous patches with satellite pustules

80
Q

Which areas of skin are associated with candida infections?

A

Intertriginous zones

(submammary, inguinal creases, finger spaces, diaper areas)

81
Q

How are candida infections treated?

A

Remove predisposing factors

Topical/oral antifungals

82
Q

How does Pityriasis Versicolor present?

A

Oval - round patches with mild scale

83
Q

Pityriasis versicolor is associated with what conditions?

A

High temps

Humidity

Oily skin

Excess sweating

84
Q

Which patients are more likely to suffer from pityriasis versicolor?

A

Sebum-rich skin

Adolescents

85
Q

How is Pityriasis versicolor treated?

A

Topical antimycotics

86
Q

What mite causes scabies

A

Sarcoptes scabiei mites

87
Q

How is scabies transmitted?

A

Close direct contact

88
Q

What factors predispose one to scabies?

A

Overcrowding

Delayed treatment

89
Q

How is scabies diagnosed?

A

Skin scraping

Burrows visualisation

90
Q

How does scabies present?

A

Itch - more common at night

Trunk and limbs - spares scalp

Scabies burrows - irregular grey tracks

91
Q

How is scabies treated?

A

Topical antiscabietical treatment to patient and close contacts

92
Q

How do head lice present?

A

Itch and irritated scalp

Nape of neck, skin behind ears

Visible lice

Red-brown spots on skin

93
Q

How is head lice treated?

A

2 applications of insecticide and/or physical methods

Treat family members

Inform day care/school

Dermatology (8 decks)

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