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neuro > Pharyngeal Arches > Flashcards

Pharyngeal Arches Flashcards

1
Q

What is meckels cartilage also known as?

A

Cartilage of PA 1

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2
Q

What 3 things does meckels cartilage form?

A
  1. ) Malleus & incus
  2. ) Anterior ligament of malleus
  3. ) Sphenomandibular ligament
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3
Q

The cartilage of PA 2 is also known as?

A

Reichert Cartilage

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4
Q

What is formed from Reichert cartilage?

A
  1. ) Stapes
  2. ) Styloid process of the temporal bone
  3. ) Lesser horn of the hyoid bone
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5
Q

The cartilage of PA 3 forms what?

A
  1. ) Body of the hyoid bone
  2. ) Greater horn of the hyoid bone
  3. ) Thyroid cartilage
  4. ) Cricoid cartilage
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6
Q

The body of the hyoid bone is formed from?

A

The hypo pharyngeal eminence

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7
Q

The 4th and 6th cartilages form what?

A

The laryngeal cartilage

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8
Q

The first arch forms what muscles? What nerve?

A

The muscles of mastication. CN V

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9
Q

The second arch forms what muscles? What nerve?

A

The facial muscles. CN VII

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10
Q

The third arch forms what muscles? What nerve?

A

Stylopharyngeus m. CN IX

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11
Q

The fourth arch forms what muscles? What nerve?

A

Cricothyroid, levator veli palatini, and constrictors of the pharynx. CN X

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12
Q

The sixth arch forms what muscles? What nerve?

A

Intrinsic muscles of the larynx. CN X

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13
Q

Each pharyngeal arch is supplied by what nervous structure?

A

Its own CN

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14
Q

What are special visceral efferents?

A

Supply muscles derived from the arches

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15
Q

What are special visceral afferents?

A

Supply dermis and mucous membranes of the head and neck

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16
Q

The trigeminal nerve supplies which arch?

A

The first arch

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17
Q

The facial nerve supplies which arch?

A

The second arch

18
Q

The glossopharyngeal nerve supplies which arch?

A

The third arch. Stylopharyngeus m.

19
Q

The vagus nerve supplies which arches?

A

Arches 4-6.

20
Q

Aortic arch system initially consists of?

A

5 pairs of arteries that arise from the aortic sac

21
Q

The primordial pharynx is derived from what?

A

Foregut

22
Q

What are the pharyngeal pouches?

A

5 pairs of pouches

23
Q

What do pharyngeal membranes do?

A

Separate pharyngeal pouches from pharyngeal grooves

24
Q

What does the first pharyngeal membrane become?

A

The tympanic membrane

25
Q

In general, what does the first pharyngeal pouch become?

A

Auditory structures

26
Q

Specifically, what does the first pharyngeal pouch become?

A
  1. ) Part of the TM
  2. ) The pharyngotympanic tube
  3. ) Tubotympanic recess -> tympanic cavity and mastoid antrum
27
Q

In general, what does pharyngeal pouch 2 form?

A

Tonsils, tonsil crypts, lymphatic tissue

28
Q

What does the 3rd pharyngeal pouch form?

A

The inferior parathyroid gland and thymus

29
Q

What does the 4th pharyngeal pouch form?

A

The superior parathyroid gland

30
Q

The first pair of pharyngeal grooves becomes what?

A

The external auditory meatus

31
Q

What do pharyngeal grooves 2-4 lie in?

A

The cervical sinus

32
Q

What are cervical (branchial) cysts?

A

Remnants of the cervical sinus

33
Q

The thyroid gland forms from what?

A

The thyroid primordium

34
Q

The thyroid gland is connected to the tongue via what structure?

A

The thyroglossal duct

35
Q

The ultimo pharyngeal body forms what?

A

Parafollicular cells

36
Q

First arch syndrome is characterized by what phenotypically?

A

Malformation of eyes, ears, mandible, and palate

37
Q

Treacher-Collins syndrome is characterized as what?

A

deformed external ears, lower eyelids, and sometimes inner ears

38
Q

Pierre robin sequence is associated with what?

A

hypoplasia of the mandible, cleft palate, and eyes/ears

39
Q

What is thyroid hemiagenesis?

A

unilateral failure of thyroid formation

40
Q

What is DiGeorge syndrome?

A

Agenesis of thymus and parathyroid glands

neuro (6 decks)

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