AS Migration Flashcards

Prepare to define key vocabulary in the study of migration.

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1
Q

Stepped migration

A

A rural migrant initially moves to a small rural town, then later moves to a city.

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2
Q

Relay migration

A

At different stages in a family’s life cycle, different people take different responsibility for migration to improve the family’s financial position.

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3
Q

Chain migration

A

After one or two pioneering migrants move to a place, others from the same rural community follow.

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4
Q

Assimilation

A

The absorption and integration of people, ideas, or culture into a wider society or culture.

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5
Q

Intervening obstacles

A

Things that get in the way of a migrant between place of origin and destination. These include distance, cost and legal restraints like immigration law.

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6
Q

Voluntary migration

A

Individuals or households have a free choice about whether or where to move.

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7
Q

Forced migration

A

Where individuals or households have little or no choice but to move.

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8
Q

Todaro model

A

The idea that migrants make rational decisions based on accurate information, and they are willing to tolerate short-term difficulties in return for a better future.

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9
Q

Stark’s ‘new economics of migration’ model

A

Migration is a rational decision, but households are more important to understand than individual choice. Families share the costs and rewards of some members migrating.

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10
Q

Marxist and structuralist theory

A

Rural people are alienated from the land and have no choice but to migrate. Capitalists can exert greater control over, and take advantage of, migrant workers.

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11
Q

Structuration theory

A

A more nuanced viewpoint than structuralist theory. The rules designed to regulate migration also provide opportunity and room to negotiate for migrants.

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12
Q

Gender analysis

A

Men and women respond to migration push and pull factors in different ways. This also considers gender discrimination and migration.

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13
Q

Three sources of migration data

A
  1. population censuses
  2. population registers
  3. social surveys
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14
Q

Periods of government attitudes to migration

A
  1. Few government controls on migration before 1914.
  2. Overtly racist government policies, 1914-1945.
  3. Europe encourages labor migration after WW2.
  4. Slow economic growth and rising unemployment led to tighter immigration policies, from 1970s to today.
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15
Q

Constraints on migration

A
  1. ‘Closing up’ (selling homes, leaving parents) at point of origin.
  2. Cost of movement.
  3. Costs of ‘opening up’ at point of destination.
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