lecture 2 Flashcards
what are the parts to a neuron
cell body, dendrite, axon hillock, pre-synaptic cell, post-synaptic cell, synapse, myelin sheath
what is the structure of a nerve
many axons in one package - many packages - nerve
what is the white layer around the axon
myelin sheath
where are cell bodies bunched at in a nerve
nucleus (CNS) or ganglion (PNS)
what is a nerve supplied with and what do they do
nutrients, O2, removing waste
what are the three types of glial cells and what do they do
microglia - macrophage - destroy old cells into parts
astrocytes - anchor neurons in place, blood brain barrier
oligodendrocytes (CNS) or schwann cells (PNS) - create myelin sheath (phospholipid bilayer)
what are glial cells
cells that helps the neuron function but is not part of the neuron
how does a myelin sheath form
schwan cells have nucleus, they engulf the axon and wraps itself around it many times
what are the gaps created by myelin sheath called and what type of conduction occurs there
nodes of ranvier, saltatory conduction
where does an AP originate
axon hillock
what is the resting membrane potential of the axon
-70mV
what are axon hillocks and nodes of ranvier rich in
sodium channels
what are the types of synaptic transmissions called and how do they work
electrically - junctions directly connect pre and post synaptic - ions and current flow through
neurotransmitters - vesicles in pre-synaptic cell binds with plasma membrane for exocytosis, neurotransmitters released into the synapse,, bind to receptors, cause Na channels to open, create another AP
what is in the cytosol compared to the ECF during resting membrane potential
cytosol - large anions, high K, low Na, proteins and AA
ECF - high Na, low K
what are the structures used to move ions during an action potential
voltage-gated Na channels, voltage-gated K channels, ATPase pump