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BIOA02 module 2 > lecture 5 > Flashcards

lecture 5 Flashcards

1
Q

describe a closed circulatory system

A

blood, vessels are all connected

heart - blood - arteries - capillaries - gas exchange - veins - heart

high pressure, high blood flow, efficient O2 delivery, direct blood to individual organs, vertebrates

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2
Q

describe an open circulatory system

A

haemolymph - artieries - body cavity - veins - heart

low pressure, not efficient, invertebrates

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3
Q

describe the human/mammalian heart

A

deoxygenated blood from venous system - superior and inferior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - oxygenate - pulmonary vein - left atria - left ventricle - aorta - body

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4
Q

what are the two circuits in the human heart

A

pulmonary circuit - low pressire

systemic circuit - high pressure

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5
Q

what are the two types of valves in the human heart

A

atrioventricular valves

semilunar valves (right ventricle/pulmonary artery) (left ventricle/aorta)

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6
Q

describe the mammalian fetal circulation and the bypasses

A

blood via placenta
breathing amniotic fluid = no O2

blood - umbilical vein

1) right atria - foramen ovale - left atria
2) right atria - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - ductus arteriosus - aorta

close upon birth

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7
Q

what are two examples of ccephalopods

A

squid and ocotpus

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8
Q

describe the cephalopod circulation

A

2 brachial hearts, 1 systemic heart

deoxygenated blood - brachial hearts - gas exchange - oxygenated - systemic heart - systemic tissue - deoxygenated - brachial hearts

hemocyanin gives blue hue

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9
Q

how many chambers are in the fish heart

A

4 chambers

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10
Q

which chamber in the fish heart gives the most contractile force

A

ventricle

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11
Q

how does the blood move through the fish heart

A

sinus venous - sinoatrial valve - atrium - atrioventricular valve - ventricle - bulbus arteriosus

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12
Q

what is the windkessel vessel

A

used by the bulbus arteriosus, contracting to squeeze out the blood, relaxing to pump blood in

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13
Q

where is the heart located in the fish

A

ventral side

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14
Q

how many sets of capillary beds are in a fish circulatory system

A

2 - one at the gills and one in the body

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15
Q

what is the fish circulation

A

deoxygenated blood - venous system - ventral aorta - gills (capillary bed) - oxygenated blood - dorsal aorta - systemic circulation (capillary beds)

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16
Q

what is the purpose of gills in lungfish

A

vestigial structures

17
Q

what is the circulator system of lungfish

A

deoxygenated - right atria - right ventricle - lower gills - pulmonary artery - lungs - oxygenated - left atria - left ventricle - upper gill - dorsal aorta - systemic circulation - deoxygenated

18
Q

where does mixing of blood happen in the lungfish heart

A

gill bypass

19
Q

how many chambers does the amphibian heart have and what are they

A

3: right atria, left atria, 1 ventricle

20
Q

what is the circulation of an amphibian heart

A

deoxygenated - sinus venosus - right atria - ventricle - conus arteriosus - left and right pulmucutaneous arteries - skin and lungs - gas exchange - oxygenated - pulmonary vein - left atria - ventricle - conus arteriosus - systemic artery (sub-clavian and carotid) and left pulmocutaneous artery - tissue - gas exchange

21
Q

how is mixing of blood in the ventricles of amphibian hearts managed

A

timing of contractions of left and right atrium, conus arteriosus

22
Q

what is the difference between crocodilian and non-crocodilian hearts

A

chambers in crocodilian hearts are separated while chambers in non-crocodilian hearts are not

23
Q

what is the circulation of crocodilian hearts

A

deoxygenated blood - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery (or left aorta to systemic circulation) - lungs - oxygenated - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - right and left aorta - systemic

24
Q

what is the bypass between the left and right aorta of the crocodilian heart called

A

foramen of panizza

25
Q

what happens to the crocodile’s circulation when it is breathing air

A

pulmonary artery has low resistance to blood flow, the right ventricle has a lower pressure than left aorta, left aorta valve is closed and blood goes to pulmonary artery to the lungs

26
Q

what happens to circulation when crocodile is swimming

A

blood vessels in pulmonary artery constrict, increase pressure in right ventricle, push open left aorta valve so blood goes in there to the rest of the body

BIOA02 module 2 (10 decks)

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