lecture 5 Flashcards
describe a closed circulatory system
blood, vessels are all connected
heart - blood - arteries - capillaries - gas exchange - veins - heart
high pressure, high blood flow, efficient O2 delivery, direct blood to individual organs, vertebrates
describe an open circulatory system
haemolymph - artieries - body cavity - veins - heart
low pressure, not efficient, invertebrates
describe the human/mammalian heart
deoxygenated blood from venous system - superior and inferior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - oxygenate - pulmonary vein - left atria - left ventricle - aorta - body
what are the two circuits in the human heart
pulmonary circuit - low pressire
systemic circuit - high pressure
what are the two types of valves in the human heart
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves (right ventricle/pulmonary artery) (left ventricle/aorta)
describe the mammalian fetal circulation and the bypasses
blood via placenta
breathing amniotic fluid = no O2
blood - umbilical vein
1) right atria - foramen ovale - left atria
2) right atria - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - ductus arteriosus - aorta
close upon birth
what are two examples of ccephalopods
squid and ocotpus
describe the cephalopod circulation
2 brachial hearts, 1 systemic heart
deoxygenated blood - brachial hearts - gas exchange - oxygenated - systemic heart - systemic tissue - deoxygenated - brachial hearts
hemocyanin gives blue hue
how many chambers are in the fish heart
4 chambers
which chamber in the fish heart gives the most contractile force
ventricle
how does the blood move through the fish heart
sinus venous - sinoatrial valve - atrium - atrioventricular valve - ventricle - bulbus arteriosus
what is the windkessel vessel
used by the bulbus arteriosus, contracting to squeeze out the blood, relaxing to pump blood in
where is the heart located in the fish
ventral side
how many sets of capillary beds are in a fish circulatory system
2 - one at the gills and one in the body
what is the fish circulation
deoxygenated blood - venous system - ventral aorta - gills (capillary bed) - oxygenated blood - dorsal aorta - systemic circulation (capillary beds)