lecture 8 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the general outline of cellular respiration

A

glycolysis - glucose - pyruvate - oxidized - acetyl CoA

krebs cycle - 2 ATP, NADH, FADH

electron transport chain - more ATP

important: consumption of O@ and production of CO2

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2
Q

what is metabolism for

A

chemical energy from eating food

biosynthesis, maintenance, enternal work

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3
Q

where is the waste of energy from metabolism

A

feces, milk, organic heat

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4
Q

what can metabolism tell you about the organism

A

the sum of reactions and energy consumption - what it eats, ability to be active, drain on ecosystem

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5
Q

what is direct calorimetry

A

animal in inner chamber, outer chamber of ice - metabolic heat melts ice

density of ice = 1g/cm^3
1 calorie = energy needed to heat 1g water by 1 degrees C

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6
Q

what is direct and indirect human calorimetry

A

human on treadmill inside chamber

tube of water above, monitor temp in and temp out

respirometry - measure air in and air out

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7
Q

what is respirometry for fish

A

fish in swim tunnel - use electrode to measure gas levels before and after swim

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8
Q

is it easier to measure O2 or CO2

A

O2

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9
Q

what is an example of indirect calorimetry (closed respirometry)

A

animal in respirometer - u shaped tube wuth coloured water in it attached to reference chamber - both have CO2 absorbent

animal breathing in O2, CO2 absorbed, negative pressure in respirometer -water level rises towards that side - inject O2 back into chamber to see where water level goes back to original

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10
Q

what is a con to closed respirmetry

A

animals can be sensitive to lack of O2 (hypoxic)

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11
Q

how does indirect calorimetry (open respirometry) work

A

animal in chamber - air flowing in and out, electrodes monitor gas levels in and out

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12
Q

what is the purpose of an activity detector and how do you interpret it

A

if the animal is still, the line is flat. if the animal is moving around, the line has activity

you want to measure resting metabolic rate

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13
Q

how does an indirect calorimeter (bomb calorimeter) work

A

control energy intake of animal and measure how much they are consuming

take feces, place it inside pure O2 inner chamber - water on outer chamber - combust inner chamber - see difference in water temp before and after

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14
Q

what are the 4 types of thermoregulation

A

poikilothermy - changing temperature with environment

homeothermy - maintaining constant temperature

ectothermy - deriving temperature from environment

endothermy - deriving temperature from metabolism

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15
Q

what does the level of constant metabolic rate depend on

A

how many clothes you are wearing

no clothes - metabolism becomes constant at higher temperature than with clothes on

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16
Q

what is the thermoneutral zone and what does it consist of

A

upper critical or lower critical temperature - outside of these and metabolism increases to maintain body temp

basal metabolic rate must be measured within TNZ

does not exist for ectotherms

17
Q

what is the specific dynamic action

A

increase in metabolism due to eating and absorbing into gut

fasting = flat line

graph is larger for larger animals

18
Q

what are the requirements for measuring basal metabolic rate

A

endotherms - must be fasting, in TNZ, at rest, cannot be sleeping

19
Q

what are the requirements for measuring standard metabolic rate

A

ectotherms - must be fasting, at rest, cannot be sleeping

20
Q

is food requirement proportional to body size

A

no

21
Q

what is weight specific metabolic rate

A

takes kg of tissue compared to BMR rather than whole body weight

22
Q

what are the graphs comparing weight specific metabolic ratw

A

klieber line/elepahtn-to-shrew curve

23
Q

as mass increases, whole animal metabolic rate __ and mass specific metabolic rate __

A

increases, decreases

24
Q

why do smaller animals need more food

A

shorter lifetime - use cellular resources quicker

have a higher MR, faster heart and breathing rate

more mitochondria per unit tissue

run faster

more SA:volume ratio, lose heat faster

environmental - more resources for smaller animals per unit area

25
Q

what is the constant a in the metabolic rate equation

A

the specific metabolic rate of an animal

26
Q

what is the constant b in the metabolic rate equation

A

for all species, between 0.65-0.75

makes assumption that the animal is a sphere