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Renal & Urology > Anatomy - Urinary Continence and Renal System Pain > Flashcards

Anatomy - Urinary Continence and Renal System Pain Flashcards

1
Q

pain from what reproductive organ results in renal pain?

A

testis

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2
Q

name the 5 types of nerve fibre

A 
somatic sensory
visceral afferent
somatic motor
parasympathetic 
sympathetic
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3
Q

what nerve fibre:

sensations from the body wall

external environment are conveyed to the CNS by these nerve fibres

A

somatic sensory

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4
Q

what nerve fibre:

motor responses to our body wall

our external environment are conveyed from the CNS by these nerve fibres

A

somatic motor

also stimulate skeletal muscle

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5
Q

what nerve fibre:

sensations from our organs

i.e. our internal environment are conveyed to the CNS by these nerve fibres

A

visceral afferent

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6
Q

what nerve fibres:

motor responses to our organs i.e. our internal environment are conveyed from the CNS by these nerve fibre

A

parasympathetic and sympathetic

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7
Q

how many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

A

12 pairs

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8
Q

how many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A

31 pairs

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9
Q

sympathetic nerve fibres leave the CNS between what?

A

T1 and L2

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10
Q

how do sympathetic nerves reach the smooth muscle ‘glands of the body?within nerves called splanchnic nerves

A

within nerves called splanchnic nerves

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11
Q

how does sympathetic innervation reach the head?

A

‘hitching a ride’ with the arteries which supply the same structure

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12
Q

at what levels do the sympathetic nerves leave the spinal cord to reach the kidneys, ureters and bladder?

A

T10-L2

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13
Q

what splanchnic nerves do the sympathetic nerves that innervate the kidneys, ureters and bladder travel in?

A

abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves

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14
Q

where do the sympathetic nerves that innervate the kidneys, ureters and bladder synapse?

A

abdominal sympathetic ganglia

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15
Q

postsynaptic sympathetic nerve fibres of the renal system pass from the ganglia onto the surface of the _________ which are heading towards the organs they need to innervate

A

postsynaptic sympathetic nerve fibres of the renal system pass from the ganglia onto the surface of the ARTERIES which are heading towards the organs they need to innervate

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16
Q

parasympathetic nerve fibres leave the CNS only within _ cranial nerves and the sacral spinal nerves

A

parasympathetic nerve fibres leave the CNS only within 4 cranial nerves and the sacral spinal nerves

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17
Q

name the 4 cranial nerves that carry parasympathetic innervation to the rest of the body

A

III, VII, IX and X

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18
Q

parasympathetic nerve fibres which innervate the kidneys & ureter are carried within what nerve?

A

CNX

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19
Q

parasympathetic nerve fibres which innervate the bladder are carried within the pelvic ___________ nerves

A

parasympathetic nerve fibres which innervate the bladder are carried within the pelvic SPLANCHNIC nerves

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20
Q

do somatic motor nerve fibres go to the kidneys, ureters and bladder?

A

no - only do to structures in the perineum - distal urethra and external urethral sphincter and levator ani

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21
Q

pain in the kidney itself is felt where?

A

posterior flank

22
Q

pain from calculus obstructing the ureter can be felt where?

A

radiating from loin to groin

23
Q

pain from bladder is felt where?

A

midline suprapubic region

24
Q

pain from the perineal urethra is felt where?

A

in the perineum

25
Q

how do visceral afferent nerve fibres get from the kidneys to the CNS? what spinal cord level?

A

visceral afferents from the kidneys run alongside sympathetic fibres back to the spinal cord

enter spinal cord at T11-L1

26
Q

differential diagnosis of loin pain?

A

herpes zoster
muscular
vertebral
lower lobe pneumonia

27
Q

how do visceral afferent nerve fibres get from the ureters to the CNS? what spinal cord level?

A

visceral afferents from the ureters run alongside sympathetic fibres back to the spinal cord

enter the spinal cord between levels T11 and L2

28
Q

differential diagnosis of groin pain?

A

hernias
lymphadenopathy
testicular pathology

29
Q

how do visceral afferent nerve fibres get from the bladder to the CNS? what spinal cord level?

A

bladder touching the peritoneum = sympathetic fibres entering spinal cord at T11-L2

bladder NOT touching the peritoneum = parasympathetic nerve fibres to S2,3,4

30
Q

differential diagnosis of suprapubic pain?

A

handgun organs like signmoid diverticulitis

uterus

31
Q

how do visceral afferent and somatic sensory nerve fibres get from the urethra to the CNS:

(a) visceral afferent
(b) somatic sensory

A

(a) visceral afferent - proximal urethra run alongside parasympathetic nerves fibres to S2,3,4
(b) somatic sensory - from remaining urethra in pudendal nerve to S2,3,4

32
Q

differential diagnosis of perineal pain?

A

vaginal tear
anal canal fissure
perineal genital ulcers

33
Q

how do pain fibres get from the testis to the CNS?

A

visceral afferents run along sympathetic to the spinal cord to T10-11 or localised in the scrotum

34
Q

differential diagnosis of scrotal pain?

A

skin lesions

strangulated inguinal hernia

35
Q

describe the pain:

(a) kidneys
(b) ureters
(c) bladder
(d) urethra
(e) testis

A

(a) kidneys - dull ache in loin
(b) ureters - loin to groin in obstruction
(c) bladder - dull ache in suprapubic region
(d) urethra - distal is localised and sharp
(e) testis - in scrotum but can radiate to groin and anterior lower abdomen

36
Q

nerves entering and leaving the spinal cord at what level are important in urine flow?

A

S2-S4

37
Q

pelvic splanchnic nerves leave the spinal cord at what level?

A

S2,3,4

38
Q

what nerves sense the bladder filling?

A

visceral afferent nerve fibres

39
Q

what spinal level sense the bladder filling?

A

S2,3,4

40
Q

what is stimulated and what is inhibited to empty the bladder?

A

detrusor muscle is stimulated and internal sphincter in males is inhibited

41
Q

the detrusor muscle contracting and the internal urethral sphincter relaxing is para/sympathetic

A

the detrusor muscle contracting and the internal urethral sphincter relaxing is parasympathetic

42
Q

name the nerve:

L2,3,4

under the inguinal ligament into the anterior compartment of the thigh

A

femoral nerve

43
Q

name the nerve:

L2,3,4

passes through obturator foramen (pelvis) into medial compartment of thigh

A

obturator

44
Q

name the nerve:

L4-S3

into posterior compartment of thigh via the gluteal region

A

sciatic nerve

45
Q

what does the common fibular nerve split into?

A

superficial (lateral compartment of leg) and deep (anterior compartment of leg)

46
Q

what does the sciatic nerve split into?

A

tibial nerve (muscles of posterior compartment of leg and intrinsic muscle of foot) and common fibular nerve

47
Q

bladder contraction is due to what nerve fibres?

A

parasympathetic fibres (S2,3,4)

48
Q

what fibres stimulate the internal urethral sphincter to contract?

A

sympathetic fibres (in ejaculation)

49
Q

what fibres inhibit (relax) the internal urethral sphincter?

A

parasympathetic fibres

50
Q

what nerve contracts the external urethral sphincter and what nerve contracts the levator ani?

A

external urethral sphincter - pudendal nerve - S2,S3,S4

levator ani - S3-S4

Renal & Urology (22 decks)

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