CKD

Question 1

what other conditions does CKD co exist with?

Answer 1

CVD and diabetes

Question 2

CKD requires a minimum of _ samples at least __ days apart

Answer 2

CKD requires a minimum of 2 samples at least 90 days apart

Question 3

____ is more accurate at estimating renal function than creatinine alone

Answer 3

eGFR is more accurate at estimating renal function than creatinine alone

Question 4

serum creatinine level
age
sex
race

are all things that what is based on?

Answer 4

eGFR

Question 5

state the stages of CKD

Answer 5

G1, G2, G3a, G3b, G4, G5

Question 6

state the eGFR value of the following stages of CKD:

(a) G1
(b) G2
(c) G3a
(d) G3b
(e) G4
(f) G5

Answer 6

(a) G1 - >90
(b) G2 - 60-89
(c) G3a - 45-59
(d) G3b - 30-44
(e) G4 - 15-29
(f) G5 - <15

Question 7

name the stage:

moderately reduced kidney function

Answer 7

G3a and G3b

Question 8

name the stage:

normal kidney function but urine findings or structural abnormalities or genetic trait point to kidney disease

Answer 8

G1

Question 9

name the stage:

established renal failure

Answer 9

G5

Question 10

name the stage:

mildly reduced kidney function but urine findings or structural abnormalities or genetic trait point to kidney disease

Answer 10

G2

Question 11

name the stage:

severely reduced kidney function

Answer 11

G4

Question 12

state the values for the following albumin creatinine ratios:

(a) A1
(b) A2
(c) A3

Answer 12

(a) A1 - <3
(b) A2 - 3-30
(c) A3 - >30

Question 13

how long should you monitor people with CKD for?

Answer 13

2-3 years after AKI

Question 14

a sustained decrease in GFR of 25% or more and a change in GFR category within 12 months

or

a sustained decrease in GFR of 15 ml/min/1.73m2 per year

defines what?

Answer 14

accelerated progression of CKD

Question 15

risk factors for CKD progression?

Answer 15

CVD
proteinuria
AKI
hypertension
diabetes
smoking
african, afro-carribean, asian
NSAIDs
urinary outflow tract obstruction

Question 16

in people with CKD, state the BP target -

Answer 16

<140/90mmHg

Question 17

in people with CKD and diabetes and also those with ACR of 70mg/mmol or more, stare the BP target -

Answer 17

<130/80mmHg

Question 18

what drug should you offer for the primary or secondary prevention of CVD to people with CKD?

Answer 18

atorvastatin 20mg

Question 19

state the 2 main causes of CKD

Answer 19

diabetes and HBP

Question 20

glomerulonephritis is a cause of CKD

true or false?

Answer 20

true

Question 21

vascular causes of CKD?

Answer 21

macro-

RAS
ischaemic/hypertensive nephrosclerosis
miscroangiopathic - HUS and TTP
SVV
GPA
MPA
EGPA

Question 22

clinical signs of CKD?

Answer 22

anaemia - conjunctival and palmer pallor

weight loss

lemon yellow
uraemic frost
twitching
encephalopathic flap
confusion
pericardial rub or effusion
kussmaul breathing (metabolic acidosis)

Question 23

uraemic symptoms of CKD?

Answer 23

N&V
anorexia
weight loss
fatigue
itch
altered taste
restless legs
muscle twitching
difficulties concentrating
confusion

Question 24

consequences of CKD?

Answer 24

pain/haemorrhage and infection
haematuria and proteinuria
hypertension

CVD
CKD-MBD
anaemia

Question 25

ESRD therapy?

Answer 25

RRT - renal replacement therapies

Haemodialysis (HD)
Peritoneal Dialysis (PD)
Transplantation

conservative management

Question 26

what is CKD-MBD?

Answer 26

chronic kidney disease mineral and bone disorder

Question 27

CKD-MBD dietary advice?

Answer 27

phosphate restriction
salt reduction
potassium restriction
fluid restriction

Question 28

CKD-MBD medications?

Answer 28

alfacalcidol
phosphate binders
calcimimetic

Question 29

diabetics with CKS are at risk of what?

Answer 29

anaemia

Question 30

renal anaemia treatment?

Answer 30

ferinject
venofer
IVI iron