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Emergency Care 13th Edition > EC Chp 13 Vital Signs and Monitoring devices > Flashcards

EC Chp 13 Vital Signs and Monitoring devices Flashcards

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Royal College: Emergency Medicine flashcards
1
Q

Vital signs

A

Outward signs of what is going on inside the body including respiration; pulse, skin color, temp, and condition

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2
Q

Pulse

A

Rhythmic beats felt as the heart pumps blood through the arteries

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3
Q

Pulse rate

A

The number pulse beats per minute

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4
Q

Tachycardia

A

A rapid pulse; any pulse rate bore 100 beats per minute

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5
Q

Bradycardia

A

Slow pulse; any pulse rate below 60 beats per minute

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6
Q

Pulse quality

A

The rhythm regular or irregular and force strong or weak of pulse

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7
Q 
Normal pulse rates for:
Adult
Adolescent
School age
Preschooler
Toddler
Infant 6-12months
Infant 0-5 months
A 
Adult 60-100
Adolescent 60-105
School age 70-110
Preschooler 80-120
Toddler 80-130
Infant 6-12: 80-140
Infant 0-5: 90-140
New born 120-160
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8
Q

When should you use the brachial pulse

A

For an infant who is one year or younger

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9
Q

A situation when you are not able to feel a pulse but the patient is awak and talking to you?

A

When they have a ventricular assist device; a pump implanted in the chest that helps the heart move blood through the circulatory system.

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10
Q

Respiratory rate

A

of breaths taken in one minute

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11
Q 
Normal Respiratory rates for:
Adult
Adolescent
School Age
PreSchool
Toddler
Infant
A 
Adult 12-20
Adolescent 12-20
School Age 15-30
Preschooler 20-30
Toddler 20-30
Infant 25-40
Newborn 30-50
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12
Q

Respiratory Quality

A

The normal or abnormal character of breathing

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13
Q

The 4 categories of respiratory quality are?

A
  • Normal
  • Shallow = only slight moment of the chest or abdomen
  • Labored = increase in the work of breathing
  • Noisy = obstructed breathing
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14
Q

Shallow Breathing

A

Slight movement of chest or abdomen but especially serious in unconscious people

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15
Q

Labored breathing can be recognized by?

A

Hard to move air in and out
Nasal flaring
Retractions of the clavicles
Sounds such as strider, grunting or gasping

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16
Q

Noisy breathing entails?

A

Obstructed breathing

Sounds are: Snoring, wheezing, gurgling and crowing

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17
Q

Respiratory Rhythm

A

The regular or irregular spacing of breaths

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18
Q

Best places to assess the skin color in adults are?

A

Nail beds
The inside of the cheek
Inside of lower eyelids

(Patients with dark skin, you can check the lips and nail beds

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19
Q

Jaundiced (yellow ) skin is a possible indication of what?

A

Abnormalities of the liver

20
Q

Cyanotic (blue-grey) skin is a sign of what?

A

Lack of oxygen in blood cells and tissues resulting from inadequate breathing or heart function

21
Q

Pale Skin is a sign of what

A 
Constricted blood vessels, possibly from:
Blood loss
Shock
Hypotension
Emotional distress
22
Q

Mottled (blotchy) skin can be an indication of what?

A

Patients with shock, especially with children and the elderly

23
Q

Reactivity

A

In the pupils door the eyes, reacting to light by changing size

24
Q

Cool, Clammy skin could be

A

Sing of shock, anxiety

25
Q

Cold, moist skin is an indication of what?

A

Body is losing heat

26
Q

Cold, Dry Skin means?

A

Exposure to cold

27
Q

hot, dry skin indicates

A

High fever, heat exposure

28
Q

Hot, Moist

A

High fever, heat exposure

29
Q

Unequal pupils could mean?

A 
Stroke
Head injury
Eye injury,
Artificial eye,
Prescription eye drops
30
Q

Systolic Blood pressure

A

The pressure created when the heart contracts and forces blood out into the arteries

31
Q

Diastolic pressure means?

A

The pressure remaining in the arteries when the left ventricle of the heart is relaxed and refilling

32
Q

Sphygmomanometer

A

The cuff and gauge used to measure blood pressure

33
Q

Auscultation

A

Listening. A stethoscope is used to auscultate for characteristic sounds

34
Q

Palpation

A

Touching or feeling. A pulse or blood reassure may be palpated with the finger tips

35
Q

140/P means?

A

Blood pressure 140 by palpation

measured by noting the reading when the radial pulse returns when slowly deflating the cuff

36
Q

Minimum age for blood pressure to be taken?

A

Older than 3 years old.

You can get more useful info about condition from observation, respiratory distress and unconsciousness

37
Q

3 places common to take temperature

A

Oral, rectal, or armpit (axilla)

38
Q

Tympanic thermometers are measured where?

A

In the ear, but are not enough for EMS use.

Neither are forehead ones

39
Q

Normal temperature is?

A

98.6 degrees F or (37 degree C)
Healthy is also considered greater than 96 and less than 100

But also depends on time of day, activity levels, age and where it is measured

Older people have lower temps than younger people

40
Q

Pulse oximeter

A

An electronic device for detaining the amount of oxygen carried in the blood, known as oxygen saturation SpO2

41
Q

Oxygen saturation

A

The ratio of the amount of oxygen present int he blood to the amount that could be carried, expressed as a %

42
Q

Co oximeter

A

Measures carbon monoxide as well as oxygen

43
Q

91-95% on pulse Ox means?
86- 90% ?
85 or less?

A

91-95 =Mild hypoxia
86-90 = Significant or moderate hypoxia
85 or less = Severe hypoxia

44
Q

Cautions with Pulse Oximeter readings:

A
  • Patients in shoutings or hypothermic (exposure to cold)
  • Carbon monoxide poisoning
  • excessive movement of the patient as well as nail polish
  • needs to be checked regularly

But good for check when evaluating the effect of an intervention

45
Q

Glucose meters

A

Portable and reliable way to assist in managing diabetes

46
Q

How often to people with diabetes check their blood?

A

At least once and can be also up to 5-6 times a day.

47
Q

What is a normal blood glucose level?

A

At least 60-80 mg/dL (milligrams per deciliter) and

No more than 120-140

Emergency Care 13th Edition (17 decks)

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