Socialization

Question 1

Socialization

Answer 1

The developing, inheriting, and spreading of norms, customs, and beliefs; the spreading of a culture

Question 2

Agents of Socialization

Answer 2

What we use to spread around and teach culture; includes family, school, peers, and mass media

Question 3

Cultural Transmission

Answer 3

The manner in which a society socializes

Question 4

Cultural Diffusion

Answer 4

The spreading of norms, beliefs, and customs throughout that culture

Question 5

Primary Socialization

Answer 5

Occurs during childhood; when we learn acceptable actions and actions through observational learning of parents and other adults

Question 6

Secondary Socialization

Answer 6

Learning socially appropriate behavior through smaller sections of the larger society (typically for learning the rules of specific social environments)

Question 7

Hidden Curriculum

Answer 7

An aspect of the school agent of socialization; the subtle teaching of behaviors that are deemed acceptable by teachers

Question 8

Anticipatory Socialization

Answer 8

The preparation for future changes in occupation, living situation, or relationships

Question 9

Resocialization

Answer 9

The process of discarding old behaviors in favor of new ones

Question 10

Norms

Answer 10

Standards for behavior that are deemed acceptable within a group or society

Question 11

Sanctions

Answer 11

Rewards or punishments for behaviors relating to these norms; used to maintain social control

Question 12

Positive sanction

Answer 12

Reward for conforming to norms

Question 13

Negative sanction

Answer 13

Punishment for not conforming to norms

Question 14

Formal sanction

Answer 14

Officially recognized and enforced

Question 15

Informal sanction

Answer 15

Unofficially recognized and does not result in specific punishments

Question 16

Folkway

Answer 16

Common manners we are supposed to do on a daily basis; mildest type of norm

Question 17

More

Answer 17

A norm based on a moral value or belief; widely observed and there is a strong reaction to violating mores

Question 18

Laws

Answer 18

Norms that are based on morality but are written down and are have consistently enforced punishments

Question 19

Taboos

Answer 19

Behaviors completely unacceptable or reprehensible; often punishable by law and much more severe than other types of norms

Question 20

Deviance

Answer 20

The violation of a norm, rule, or expectation

Question 21

Stigma

Answer 21

Extreme disapproval or dislike of a person or group based on perceived differences from the rest of society

Question 22

Theory of Differential Behavior

Answer 22

Deviation is a learned behavior through interactions with others who violate norms; the degree of the deviation depends on the strength of bonds to those deviating and the strength of bonds to those who follow the norms

Question 23

Labelling Theory of Deviance

Answer 23

A behavior is deviant if people have judged the behavior to be deviant. This label also affects the individuals, as they will internalize the label and be more likely to commit deviance later on

Question 24

Primary Deviance

Answer 24

The engagement in the initial act of deviance; a label is not internalized

Question 25

Secondary Deviance

Answer 25

The resulting (often larger and more serious) deviance that occurs from internalizing a deviant label after primary deviance

Question 26

Strain Theory

Answer 26

Deviant behavior arises in an attempt to reach an otherwise unattainable cultural or societal goal; less-fortunate people will be deviant to “try and level the playing field”

Question 27

Collective Behavior

Answer 27

An open, time-limited, large number of people that rapidly behave in ways that are not in line with societal norms; not considered a group, because there are limited social interactions and have loose norms; group dynamics usually apply

Question 28

Fad

Answer 28

A collective behavior; characterized by the dramatically quick increase in popularity of something, reaching a large number of people, and then losing popularity just as quickly

Question 29

Mass hysteria

Answer 29

A shared intense concern and unmanageable anxiety about threats to society; an irrational emotional reaction to threats

Question 30

Riot

Answer 30

A large number of people who engage in chaotic, dangerous behavior, typically resulting from feelings of injustice or ignored needs

Question 31

Imitation

Answer 31

A type of social influence where an individual copies the behaviors of another