P1.1- particle model Flashcards

1
Q

What was John Dalton’s model named as?

A

”Billiard Ball ( a “very small indestructible sphere” )

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2
Q

What was J.J. Thompson’s model named as?

A

“Plum- Pudding Model”

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3
Q

why did the particle model keep changing?

A

since new evidence can not be explained using old ideas

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4
Q

What is the Rutherford model? (3)

A

+ positive nucleus (protons + neutrons)
+ negative electrons around
+ almost all mass of an atom is in the nucleus

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5
Q

What is the Bohr model? (3)

A

+ electrons can only move in fixed orbits in shells around the nucleus
+ the model we use now
+ introduced shells

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6
Q

How big is an atom’s diameter?

A

+ the diameter of an atom in 10^-10

10 to the power of minus ten

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7
Q

Describe the structure of an atom

draw it out

A

+ a nucleus containing protons and neutrons

+ electrons moving around the nucleus

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8
Q

Name Five features of Thompson’s model

A

+ positive mass
+ negative electrons embedded
+ was investigating rays given off by metals (cathode rays)
+ found out that an atom contained negative electrons
+ overall atoms are neutral (no charge)

+ MASS IS OVERALL DISTRIBUTED

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9
Q

What was the main feature of Dalton’s model

A

all atoms in an element were the same

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10
Q

What is a particle’s nucleus made of?

A

Protons and Neutrons

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11
Q

How do electrons move around?

A

In fixed orbits

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12
Q

What experiment did Rutherford do?

A

Fired alpha particles at a piece of gold foil
(alpha particles are positively charged)
- no need to mention they are positive

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13
Q

What is the length of a molecule?

A

10^-8m

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14
Q

how and why has the model of the atom changed over time?

5 steps

A
  • first model of the atom was a hard sphere.
  • J. J. Thompson discovered that atoms contain smaller negatively charged electrons.
  • model changed to a positive mass with electrons embedded in it
  • Then Rutherford discovered that most of the mass was concentrated in a central nucleus.
  • new model was a positively charged nucleus with electrons in orbit. - Bohr discovered that electrons could not be in any orbit.
  • model changed to a positively charged nucleus with electrons in shells
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15
Q

What is the name of Rutherford’s model?

A

Nuclear model

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