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OCR GCSE P1-P5 > P1.2 - Change of State > Flashcards

P1.2 - Change of State Flashcards

1
Q

define density

A

mass per unit volume

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2
Q

what is the equation for density?

A

density = mass(kg)/ volume (m3)

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3
Q

what three factors does density depend on?

A
  • mass of material
  • particle arrangement
  • volume
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4
Q

explain why the density of a substance in that the solid state is greater than the density of the same substance in the liquid state

A
  • there are more particles in the same volume (solid)
  • and so the mass is greater
    in a liquid, there are less particles in the same volume
    so the mass is less
    (leading to a higher density)
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5
Q

why do substances in different matters have different densities?

A

they have different arrangement of particles

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6
Q

define temperature

A

the average kinetic energy per particles

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7
Q

is temperature a measure of heat energy?

A

no, particles do not know heat energy, only kinetic

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8
Q

why does your hand not burn if a spark lands on you?

A
  • the mass of the sparkler is very small
  • the total energy stored by all the particles is small
  • energy is so little, does not burn you
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9
Q

what does the energy in a thermal store depend on?

A
  • the arrangement of the particles

- how fast they are vibrating or moving

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10
Q

what does the energy needed to raise the temperature of an object depend on?

A
  • type of material
  • the mass of the material
  • temp rise
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11
Q

what is specific latent heat?

A

the energy transferred when 1kg of a substance changes state

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12
Q

what equation is required to calculate the change in thermal energy?

A

mass (kg) x specific heat capacity (j/kg C) x change in temperature (C)

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13
Q

what does specific heat capacity show?

A

the amount of energy needed to increase the temperature of 1kg of the substance by 1oC

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14
Q

why is water good to use in radiators?

A

because it has a high specific heat capacity, making it resistant to temperature change (so would have a lot of energy to transfer)
- almost 4200J/kg

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15
Q

why are saucepans made with low specific heat capacities?

A
  • as they need to heat up quickly to heat the food
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16
Q

where does the energy from tropical storms come from?

A
  • water vapour condensing and transferring energy to its surroundings
17
Q

explain why there is no temperature increase while water is boiling

A
  • energy transferred is used to break attractive forces between the water molecules
  • internal energy is increasing but temp is not
18
Q

what is the specific latent heat of fusion?

A

(melting)
- the energy transferred when 1kg of a substance changes from the solid state to the liquid state (or vise versa)
WITHOUT CHANGING TEMPERATURE

19
Q

what is the specific latent heat of vaporisation?

A

the energy transferred when 1kg of a substance changes from liquid to gas WITHOUT CHANGING TEMPERATURE

20
Q

what is the equation to calculate the thermal store for a change in state?

A

energy store (J) = mass (kg) x specific latent heat (J/kg)

21
Q

what are the similarities and differences between specific latent heat and specific heat capacity?

A
  • they both involve energy changes for 1kg of a substance
  • latent heat is about change in state
  • heat capacity is about change of temperature
22
Q

what is the law of displacement?

A

an object completely submerged in a fluid will replace an amount of fluid of its own volume

23
Q

what is the force that keeps an object afloat?

A

upthrust

24
Q

what is the equation to calculate specific heat capacity?

A

change in internal energy / mass x change in temperature

25
Q

when a substance changes state, where does the latent heat go?

A

to create or weaken bonds, rather than transfer kinetic energy to the particles

26
Q

what does it mean when a term starts with ‘specific’?

A

means it is measured in kilograms (standardises)

27
Q

what are the units of latent heat of vaporisation?

A

J/Kg

28
Q

What happens to the energy supplied during a change of state at both the melting and boiling points?

A

kinetic energy remains constant while the potential energy increases

29
Q

which two stores of energy are added together to calculate the internal energy?

A

kinetic store + chemical store

30
Q

how does heating a system affect energy stored (in terms of temperature and state)?

A
  • increase energy within system
  • raises temperature, but remains in same state
  • remains same temperature, changes state
  • make chemical reactions occur
31
Q

name for when solids turn straight into gases

A

sublimination

32
Q

unit for specific heat capacity?

A

J/Kg°C

33
Q

what does specific heat capacity show?

A

how resistant a material is to temperature change

OCR GCSE P1-P5 (14 decks)

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