Bonding Flashcards
What is ionic bonding
occurs between metal and non metal includes donation of electrons from metals to non metal positive and negative ions are formed
what is the structure and forces of attraction like in ionic bonding
each posutuve ion attracts all negative ions and all negative ions attract all positive ions this leads to electrostatic forces in all directions forming an ionic lattice
what is the properties of ionic compounds
they are always solid at room temperature as the strong electrostatic forces means a large amount of energy is required so have high melting points
in molten or aqueous conditions the ions are free to move and can can carry charge thus can conduct electricity
why do ionic compounds shatter easily
there is alternativing posutinve and negative ions held by electrostatic forces when given a sharp blow there is movement in the lattice which may make two ions of same charge come close togther causing repulsion and causes shattering
what is covalent bonding
bonding between two non metals
the atoms share some of their outer electron so that each atom has a stable electron structure
covalent bond is a shared pair of electron
how does sharing of electrons hold atoms together
the atoms are held by the forces of attraction between the electrons and the nucleasthis takes place wthin the molecules, molecules are not strongly attracted together only in molecules there are strong electrostatic forces
what is coordinate bonding
one atom provides both of the electron
the atom that accepts the pair is called electron deficient and the atom donative electron has a lone pair of electrons
what way does the arrow point
twoards the atom accepting the electron pair
what is metallic bonding
the outer electrons leave the main outer shell and fom a sea of delocalised electrons with positive ions the positive ions repel each other this is balanced out with the attraction between the negative particles and the electrons
what is the strength dependent on in metallic bonding
the shielding of electrons each atom and the positive charge on the positive ion
properties of metals and metallic bonding
they are good conductors of heat the vibrating causes allte delocalised electrons to vibrate and the closely packed ions
they are also good conductors of electricity the electron flows to the positive terminal
strength of metals
theya re ductil and can be pulled into wres and are mallaeble and dont shatter easily this is because the delocalised electrons are not associated with any particular ions and can move freely throught the strucure
what are crystals
they are solids which particleshave regular arrangement and are held together by forces of attractiob
iodine molecular crystals
van der waal forces hold the the pairs of iodine molecules together to hold the molecules together as a solid
what is diamond
made from pure carbon bonded to four other carbon atoms bond angle of 109.5 tetrahedral its very hard, high melting point doesnt conduct electricity as no free electrons to carry charge
