Week 8 Motivation

Question 1

Motivation

Answer 1

The processes that account for an individual’s intensity, direction, and persistence of effort towards attaining a goal

• Intensity ➔ How hard a person tries
• Direction ➔ Moving towards the goals
• Persistence ➔ How long a person can maintain effort

Question 2

Maslow Pyramid of Needs

Answer 2

1) Physiological
2) Safety
3) Love/Belonging
4) Esteem
5) Self-actualization

Question 3

Limitations of Maslow’s

Answer 3

• No empirical evidence

- No validation from studies

Question 4

Self-determination theory

Answer 4

1) People prefer to feel free and have control over their actions
2) If a task becomes mandatory, the motivation to perform the task will decrease
3) When people do a task for free: they feel it as something they want to do rather than they have to do
4) When people are paid for work: they feel it as something they have to do rather than they want to do

Question 5

3 basic needs self-determination theory + what it leads to

Answer 5

• Competence
• Autonomy
• Relatedness

==> The satisfaction of the 3 leads to intrinsic motivation

Question 6

Intrinsic motivation

Answer 6

Doing an activity because it is interesting and

enjoyable, because we want to do it

Question 7

Extrinsic motivation

Answer 7

Doing an activity because of the benefits it can bring

or to avoid negative consequences, because you have to (good marks, trust, income)

Question 8

Rewards and intrinsic motivation

Answer 8

Rewards can be also seen as a source of intrinsic motivation (increase of the 3 components)

Question 9

Outcomes associated with intrinsic motivation

Answer 9

• Increased happiness
• Greater interest
• Greater performance

Question 10

How to increase intrinsic motivation

Answer 10

1) Job enlargment
- Horizontal expansion (variation in task with same level of expertise)
- Vertical expansion (promotion)

2) Employee involvement
- Giving more power to employees in the decions making process (increase autonomy and competence –> intrinsic motivation)

Question 11

Goal difficulty

Answer 11

• Easier goals are more likely to be accepeted

- But difficult goals lead to better performance (increased focus and persistence)

Question 12

Goal difficulty and other

Answer 12

If your manager gives you a higher goal than your coworkers

–> Increased self-confidence, self-efficacy, performance

Question 13

SMART goals

Answer 13

Specific
Measurable
Attainable
Relevant
Time Bound

Question 14

Shoulds goals be related to quantity or quality of performacne?

Answer 14

• When high quant goals, qual declines

- -> Set both quality and quantity goals

Question 15

Should goals be related to process or outcomes?

Answer 15

• Complex tasks: process goals are more appropriate

- Simple tasks: otucome goals

Question 16

Should goals be set only by the supervisor?

Answer 16

Participative goal setting is more effective than assigning goals without
any discussion

Question 17

Should goals be set at the individual or team level?

Answer 17

If the task requires cooperation, group goals

If the work is independent, individual goals may be more effective

Question 18

On individual goals

Answer 18

Increase competition

But reduction of workers helping each other

==> Therefore, we must create both individual and taem goals

Question 19

Effects of trust on motivation

Answer 19

In some scenarios, higher trust leads to better motivation

Question 20

Effects of meaning on motivation

Answer 20

In all cases, meaning is very importnat, but more at the beginning of a task

Question 21

basic needs self-determination theory - competence

Answer 21

– We need to feel that we are good at something

Question 22

basic needs self-determination theory - autonomy

Answer 22

– We need to feel that we have choices and control over our actions

Question 23

basic needs self-determination theory - relatedness

Answer 23

– We need to feel that we are connected to others through positive relationships