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Neuroscience & Mental Health Y2 > Vestibular System > Flashcards

Vestibular System Flashcards

1
Q

Inputs of the vestibular system

A

visual
pressure receptors in the feet
vestibular organ in the inner ear

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2
Q

Where is the vestibular organ in the ear and what is it called

A

In the temporal bone near the ear and is called the posterior labyrinth

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3
Q

Wh]]]What are the 5 organs in the posterior labyrinth

A

Utricle, saccule and the 3 semi circular canals (anterior, posterior and lateral)

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4
Q

What is connected to the utricle

A

the 3 semi circular canals and the saccule

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5
Q

Which 2 canals are connected

A

Anterior and posterior

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6
Q

What is connected to the saccule

A

the utricle and the cochlear

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7
Q

what liquid is outside the membranous labyrinth

A

perilymph

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8
Q

what liquid is inside the membranous labyrinth

A

endolymph

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9
Q

What are the 2 types of hair cell and which is more abundant, how direct is the afferent and efferent inputs and outputs

A

type 1, more abundant, direct afferent and indirect efferent

type 2 is direct afferent and efferent

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10
Q

What are the otolith organs

A

utricle and saccule

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11
Q

What are otoliths

A

carbonate crystals

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12
Q

Where is the macula in utricle

A

Lower part

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13
Q

Where is the macula in saccule

A

side pointing to the spiral of the cochlear

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14
Q

what is found in the otolith organs and what are the otolith organs (3)

A

hair cells, otoliths and a gelatinous matrix, the saccule and utricle

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15
Q

Where are otoliths found in the otolith organs

A

On top of the gelatinous matrix inside the saccule and utricle

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16
Q

What is the purpose of the otolith crystals in the saccule and utricle

A

When you move your head the move on the gelatinous matrix and apply levels of pressure to the hair cells below deflecting them

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17
Q

What are striola and where is it found

A

Opposing hair bundle polarities, found in the centre of the otolith organs (saccule and utricle)

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18
Q

Direction of the kinocilium in the utricle, and how do they depolarise

A

facing towards each other, depolarise when hair deflects in the direction of the striola

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19
Q

Direction of the kinocilium in the saccule, and how do they depolarise

A

away from each, deflection away from the striola depolarises it

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20
Q

Where are kinocilium facing towards the striola found

A

Utricle

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21
Q

Where are kinocilium facing away from the striola found

A

Saccule

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22
Q

Where is the cupula of the semi circular canal

A

in the wider parts of the semi circular canal, closes these wider bits off

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23
Q

what are the longest cilium known as

A

Kinocilia

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24
Q

What is the ampulla of the semi circular canal

A

inside of the cupula

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25
Q

Where are hair cells found in the semi circular canal

A

in the crista of the ampulla inside the cupula

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26
Q

What is the cupulla

A

A kind of gel but not as thick as the gelatinous matrix of the otolith cells

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27
Q

How are hair cells in the endolymph deflected

A

When we move the endolymph pushes against the cupula which deflects the hair cells

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28
Q

What direction is the anterior semi circular canal (say degrees for ease and straight ahead is 0) and what plane

A

about 45 degrees either way vertical

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29
Q

What direction is the posterior semi circular canal (say degrees for ease and straight ahead is 0) and what plane

A

225 degrees either way, vertical

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30
Q

What direction is the lateral semi circular canal (say degrees for ease and straight ahead is 0) and what plane

A

90 degrees and horizontal

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31
Q

What is the blood supply to the vestibular organ

A

Anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA)

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32
Q

2 afferent vestibular nerves?

A

superior and inferior vestibular nerves

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33
Q

Superior vestibular supplies … (3)

A

utricle and the anterior and horizontal canals

34
Q

Inferior vestibular supplies … (3)

A

saccule and the posterior canals

35
Q

The afferent output of the utricle is through the ..

A

Superior vestibular nerve

36
Q

The afferent output of the saccule is through the ..

A

inferior vestibular nerve

37
Q

The afferent output of the horizontal canal is through the ..

A

superior vestibular nerve

38
Q

The afferent output of the anterior canal is through the ..

A

superior vestibular nerve

39
Q

The afferent output of the posterior canal is through the ..

A

inferior vestibular nerve

40
Q

The superior and inferior vestibular nerves travel to X in the Y

A

vestibular nuclei in the Brain stem

41
Q

What are the 4 vestibular nuclei

A

Superior
lateral
medial
inferior

42
Q

the static labyrinth is also known as …

A

otoliths

43
Q

the kinetic labyrinth is also known as…

A

Semi circular canals

44
Q

the static labyrinth feeds into what part of the vestibular nucleus

A

lateral and inferior

45
Q

the kinetic labyrinth feeds into what part of the vestibular nucleus

A

superior and medial

46
Q

the Semi circular canals feeds into what part of the vestibular nucleus

A

superior and medial

47
Q

the otoliths feeds into what part of the vestibular nucleus

A

Lateral and inferior

48
Q

Lateral and inferior vestibular nucleus has information coming from …

A

otoliths/static labyrinth

49
Q

superior and medial vestibular nucleus has information coming from …

A

Kinetic labyrinth/SCC

50
Q

Vestibular nuclei projects to … (6)

A 
spinal cord
nuclei of the extra ocular muscles
cerebellum
centres of CVS and resp control
thalamus
superior parietal cortex
51
Q

Where is the vestibular cortex

A

Parietal cortex

52
Q

What does the cerebellum do in the vestibular system (3)

A

Movement coordination
posture regulation
eye movements

53
Q

main functions of the motor output in the vestibular system? (3)

A

detect and inform head movements

keep images fixed in the retina during head movments

postural control

54
Q

What is the constant firing of the vestibular system known as

A

Resting discharge

55
Q

What happens if the kinocilium move in the opposite direction for polarisation

A

Inhibition/hyperpolarisation

56
Q

which otolith organ is responsible for detecting horizontal linear accelation

A

The utricle

57
Q

which otolith organ is responsible for detecting vertical linear accelation (tilt)

A

Saccule

58
Q

which vestibular organ is responsible for detecting angular accelation and what causes angular accelaration

A

semicircular canals

turning the head

59
Q

Direction of liquid movement in SCC vs head movement

A

they go opposite directions

60
Q

SCC canals work in ….

A

Pairs (opposite canals attract, apart from both horizontal ones lol)

61
Q

What are the 2 vestibulospinal reflex

A

Lateral and medial

62
Q

is the lateral vestibular spinal tract contra or ipsilateral or both

A

Ipsi

63
Q

is the medial vestibular spinal tract contra or ipsilateral or both

A

both

64
Q

the medial vestibular spinal innervates muscles where (3)

A

neck and back

65
Q

the lateral vestibular spinal innervates muscles where

A

limbs

66
Q

what is the function of the vestibulospinal tract

A

to keep you from falling

67
Q

what is the function of the vestibulo ocular tract

A

To keep image fixed

68
Q

vestibulo ocular tract connects which nuclei

A

Vestibular and occulomotor

69
Q

Fastest reflex in the eye?

A

vestibulo ocular

70
Q

What causes nystagmus

A

Unilateral lesion in one of the SCC

71
Q

What needs to be checked to make a vestibular diagnosis: 7

A 
Patient history
balance and gait assessment
cerebellum
gaze assessment: eye movements
vestibular tests
Imaging
Questionnaires
72
Q

Symptoms of vestibular disease:

A

)Vertigo
Dizziness
Unsteadiness
Self-motivation perception

73
Q

Peripheral vestibular disease affects… (2)

A

labyrinth and VIII nerve

74
Q

Central vestibular disease affects… (2)

A

Brainstem/cerebellum

75
Q

Examples of Peripheral vestibular disease

A

vestibular neuritis

76
Q

Examples of central vestibular disease (3)

A

stroke/MS/tumours

77
Q

Example of acute vestibular disease

A

vestibular neuritis

78
Q

Example of intermittent vestibular disease

A

BPPV

79
Q

Example of recurrent vestibular disease

A

migraine

80
Q

Example of progressive vestibular disease

A

Acoustic VIII nerve neuroma

Neuroscience & Mental Health Y2 (18 decks)

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