Lecture 15 Flashcards
Describe the generation and function of ATP.
ATP is generated by the combustion of Carbohydrates, Fatty acids, and proteins
ATP fuels most bodily processes (synthesis of cellular components, Muscle contractions, active transport across membranes, Glandular secretion, and nerve conduction)
Explain how phosphocreatine functions as an accessory storage depot for energy and as an “ATP Buffer.
Phosphocreatine has a high energy phosphate bond that cannot participate directly in energy transfer, however it can transfer energy interchangeably with ATP
Phosphocreatine is a good buffer bc there is much more of it available in the body when compared to ATP
List/describe the steps in the formation of a peptide bond.
AA has AMP linked to it by ATP and a tRNA is then added to the AA
The tRNA then interacts with mRNA in order to add another AA using the enzyme peptidyl transferase
What 2 parts of the cell does the ornithine cycle occur in?
The first half is in the mito
The second half is in the cytoplasm
What determines the rate of a reaction under the following circumstances?
When substrate concentration is high:
When enzyme concentration is high:
When substrate concentration is high:
the reaction rate is almost entirely determined by the concentration of the enzyme
When enzyme concentration is high:
the reaction rate becomes directly proportional to concentration of substrate and enzyme
What determines the rate of a reaction under the following circumstances?
When substrate concentration is high:
When enzyme concentration is high:
When substrate concentration is high:
the reaction rate is almost entirely determined by the concentration of the enzyme
When enzyme concentration is high:
the reaction rate becomes directly proportional to concentration of substrate and enzyme
Give examples of 2 reaction rates that are determined almost entirely by concentration of enzyme.
Diabetes mellitus
Glucose transport in renal tubules
What important term is being described below? what is the major rate limiting step in almost all energy metabolism in the body?
The rate of reaction of the slowest step in the series of reactions
Rate-limiting step
ADP (increased ADP concentrations causes increased reaction rates)
The following are all factors that affect what process?
Arousal vs sleeping Skeletal muscle Age Thyroid activity Testosterone Growth hormone Fever Sleep Malnutrition
All of these influence metabolic rate
What is the following describing?
A calculated whole-body metabolic rate that is calculated from a rate of oxygen utilization.
BMR (Basal Metabolic Rate)
