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Geo > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is insulation?

A

Energy from the sun. (Incoming solar radiation)

Light shining down.

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2
Q

What is terrestrial radiation?

A

The earth radiates heat that it receives from the sun, back into the atmosphere.

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3
Q

How is the earth heated?

A

From below through terrestrial radiation. Heat radiated back into atmosphere by clouds. Heat in atmosphere spread through convection currents. (Hot rise, cool sink and warmed up again.

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4
Q

How does the earth cool of at night?

A

Gases and water vapor in atmosphere absorb most terrestrial radiation from earth. N
No clouds, earth’s surface radiate heat high into atmosphere.
When clouds water vapor reflects heat back into air between clouds and earth.

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5
Q

Thermometer?

A

Temperature

Degrees Celcius

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6
Q

Minimum and maximum thermometer?

A

Temperature

Degrees Celcius

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7
Q

Whet and dry bulb thermometer?

A

Hygrometer
Humidity in air
%

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8
Q

How do you work out the relative humidity?

A

Highest - lowest = ?

Then you you just look in the table

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9
Q

Barometer?

A

Atmospheric pressure

Hectopascal(hPa) or millibars(mb)

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10
Q

Rain gauge?

A

Rainfall

Millimeters (mm)

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11
Q

Anemometer?

A

Wind speed
Knots
Meters per second(m/s)

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12
Q

Wind vane?

A

Wind direction

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13
Q

What happens when water is heated?

A

Molecules more energy, break apart, form liquid.

Molecules further apart until water vapor.

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14
Q

Condensation and dew point?

A

Energy taken away from molecules, cannot move as much.
Gas to liquid=condensation
Condensation to occur, air must cool down to certain temp: dew point - temp at which water vapor starts to condense.

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15
Q

Why can warm air hold more water vapor?

A

Gas molecules are further apart to create more space for water vapor.

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16
Q

Explain the water cycle shortly?

A

Evaporate
Occurs due to heating by sun
Water also evaporate from plants - transpiration
Water vapor rises, cools down, condenses - condensation
Precipitation - rain, snow, ice
Rain, melted snow, ice infiltrate into soil, or run down slope

17
Q

What happens to water after rain?

A

Infiltration, run-off, roots of plants absorb rain water.

18
Q

When does dew form?

A

Small droplets of water on grass, leaves, and other surfaces, early morning. Phase change water vapor to liquid.

19
Q

Cumulus?

A

White, fluffy, flat bottom
Bottom 2000m in atmosphere
Altocumulus, bit higher, no rain.
Formed from water vapor, supercooled water droplets or ice crystals.

20
Q

Cumulonimbus?

A 
Huge, dark clouds
Higher than 10km above ground
Heavy rain, thunderstorms
Consists of liquid water droplets.
Give sky dark appearance
21
Q

Stratus?

A 
Along coast of Nam
Low-level - medium-level layers of clouds
Water droplets, lower temps-ice crystals
Low in sky, flat layer, grayish cloud
Altostratus - higher in sky
22
Q

Cirrus?

A

Thin, semi-transparent clouds high in sky (6-10km)
Looks like feathers
Supercooled water droplets, or ice crystals if temp cloud level below freezing.
Forms during fine weather
Blown into thin streams by winds.

23
Q

What is the 2 types of condensation?

A

Condensation just above ground - dew, frost, mist, fog

Condensation high above ground - clouds, rain, hail

24
Q

How is clouds formed?

A

Condensation of water vapor in atmosphere.

25
Q

Whats necessary for condensation?

A

Air must be saturated with water vapor.

Temp of air must fall to dew point.

26
Q

Why do we get mist and fog at the coast?

A

When air passes over a cold surface air temperature falls.

Air cools down to dew point and condenses close to the ground.

27
Q

What happens when the air is forced to rise?

A

Always cloud formation and rain.

28
Q

How does convection currents form ?

A

Sun heats earth, earth heats air
Warm air is less dense and starts to rise
As ir rises, it cools down, becomes more dense and sink down again.

29
Q

Mountains?

A

Air forced up a mountain

Namibia - air cross Otavi Mountains

Geo (8 decks)

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