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History Patterns - Unit 5 > Chap 11.3 > Flashcards

Chap 11.3 Flashcards

1
Q

The Japanese call their country ________, meaning _____________

A

The Japanese call their country Nippon, meaning “Land of the Rising Sun.”

The geography of Japan has shaped life there since the earliest times.

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2
Q

What is the geography of Japan like?

A
  • The nation of Japan consists of some 3,000 islands
  • Largest four islands form an archipelago, large island chain
  • Chain extends on Ring of Fire—zone of volcanoes, earthquakes
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3
Q

What are the nature elements that affect Japan?

A
  • Japan home to hundreds of volcanoes, many active
  • Experiences frequent earthquakes
  • Subject to tsunamis, huge waves from underwater earthquakes
  • Typhoons also strike late in summer, early autumn
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4
Q

How did the SEA affect Japan’s people and history?

A

The Sea

  • Nearness of sea has also shaped development of Japan
  • People never far from sea, even on larger islands
  • Early Japanese turned to sea for food, transportation
  • Sea also protected, isolated Japan during much of history
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5
Q

How did Japan interact with rest of Asia?

A

Separated from Neighbors

  • Japan separated from Korea by 100 miles of water, from China by 400 miles of water—large enough distances to prevent invasions
  • Early Japanese developed own culture in relative isolation
  • China, Korea close enough to influence Japan’s culture later in time
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6
Q

Who were the first people that arrived in Japan?

Where did they come from?

A

Migration

  • First to settle in Japan migrated from Asian mainland
  • Early people hunters, gatherers; developed societies with distinct cultures
  • Oldest known Japanese culture, Ainu
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7
Q

Who were the first people at Japan?

A
  • Ainu’s origin unknown, did not resemble other East Asians
  • More people migrated to Japan, Ainu driven onto North
  • Culture almost disappeared
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8
Q

The early people of Japan formed _________.

What did they worship?

A

Clans

  • People on islands south of Ainu became the Japanese
  • Clans developed, came to rule many villages
  • Each clan worshipped nature spirits, kami
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9
Q

What were the religious beliefs that develop in Japan?

What does it mean?

A

Religious beliefs developed into Shinto religion

•Shinto, “way of the kami”

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10
Q

What did the Shinto religion believe in?

A

•Shinto religion:

–Everything in nature has a kami

–No sacred text, formal structure

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11
Q

What structures were built to workship Shinto?

A

Shrines:

  • Built to kami, ceremonies performed there
  • Located in natural settings; red gateway, torii, marks entrance
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12
Q

Who was the most revered (respected) kami?

A

Amaterasu, the sun goddess, was one of most revered kami

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13
Q

Where did the first Japanese emperor come from?

He was a member of _________ clan.

A
  • First Japanese emperor said to be grandson of sun goddess
  • Emperor member of Yamato clan.

Did not control all Japan, but Yamato chiefs began to call themselves emperors of Japan

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14
Q

Japan’s emperors claimed to be _____________

A

•In time Japan’s emperors claimed to be living gods

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15
Q

Did Japan’s emperors have power?

Who had power?

What did the emperors serve as?

A
  • Other clans eventually gained power over the Yamato
  • Did not remove Yamato emperor, but controlled him
  • As result, emperor often had no real authority, served as figurehead; this political system continued until 1900s
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16
Q

By the mid-500s, what outside contact did Japan have?

A

By the mid-500s, Japan had increased contact with its neighbors, Korea and China.

Their cultures began to influence Japan

17
Q

What were the Korean influences on Japan?

A
  • Korean traders, travelers brought foreign influences; most originated in China
  • Korean scribes introduced Chinese writing to Japan
  • Korean monks introduced religion of Buddhism
18
Q

How did Chinese influence spread to Japan?

Who help spread the Chinese influence to Japan?

A
  • Prince Shotoku helped spread Buddhism in Japan
  • Shotoku admired China, sent scholars to learn from Chinese
  • Knowledge from missions to Tang dynasty changed Japan in many ways
19
Q

What were the Chinese Tang dynasty influences in Japan?

A
  • Chinese fashions, foods, tea became popular in Japan
  • Tang styles of art, music, dance, gardening also popular
20
Q

What were the Confucian ideas that spread to Japan?

A
  • Japanese adopted many Confucian ideas about family
  • Wives should obey husbands
  • Children should obey parents
21
Q

What were the government influences from China that spread to Japan.

A

Government Influences

  • Japanese adopted Tang ideas, including stronger central government, bureaucracy
  • Adopted law code similar to China’s, not civil service system
22
Q

In 794, Japan’s emperor moved capital to ________, now called ________

A

In 794 Japan’s emperor moved the capital to Heian, now called Kyoto.

23
Q

What was society and culture like in the Heian Period?

A

Nobles developed an elegant and stylish society.

At the Heian court, Japanese culture flowered.

24
Q

What was life like in the Heian Period?

A
  • Heian nobles lived in beautiful palaces, enjoyed lives of privilege
  • So removed from common people, many called selves “dwellers among the clouds”
25
Q

What were the etiquette (rules of behavior) in Japan?

A
  • Rules governed all aspects of court behavior, dress
  • Elaborate silk gowns for women
  • Proper way to write note, an art form
  • Everyone expected to write poetry
26
Q

What family controlled Japan during Heian period?

A

Fujiwara family controlled Japan for most of Heian period

27
Q

How did the Fujiwara family gain power?

Who challenged the Fujiwaras?

A
  • Fujiwaras often married daughters to heirs of throne
  • Rich landowners with private armies eventually challenged Fujiwaras.
28
Q

What was the Korea geography like?

How did this affect its history?

A

Korean Peninsula

  • Location made Korea bridge for passage of people, culture, ideas
  • Also left region open to invasion
29
Q

What geography did Korea have alot of?

A
  • Much of peninsula covered by rugged mountains
  • Mountain ranges run north and south along east coast
30
Q

Who were the early people that arrive in Korea?

What inflluenced Korea?

A
  • First Koreans nomadic peoples from northeastern Asia; formed clans
  • Developed own culture; but influenced by China’s Han dynasty, 108 BC
31
Q

What culture did the early Koreans adopt?

A

•Adopted Confucianism, Chinese writing, political, agricultural methods

32
Q

What 3 kingdoms controlled Korea?

A

•After China’s Han dynasty, three rival kingdoms controlled Korea (Silla, Koryo, and Mongols)

Silla turned on Chinese; ruled all Korea by 670

33
Q

How did they keep peace with China?

A
  • Agreed to pay tribute to China to ensure harmony, good will
  • Embraced many aspects of Chinese civilization, promoted Buddhism, created central government, bureaucracy based on Tang model
34
Q

What was the dynasty founded in Korea?

What ideas were adopted in Korea?

A

The Koryo Dynasty

  • 935, rebels defeated Silla Kingdom, founded Koryo dynasty,
  • Continued to adopt Chinese ideas, Civil service exam like China’s but only nobles could take test
35
Q

What was society and culture in Korea like?

Give 4 description

A
  • Society divided between powerful nobility and the rest of the people
  • Culture thrived, artisans created pottery covered with celadon glaze
  • Improved on Chinese woodblock printing, created moveable type
  • Printed Buddhist texts
36
Q

In the 1200s, who occupied Korea?

A

1200s, Mongols of Yuan China invaded, occupied Korea

37
Q

What did the Mongols of Yuan do to Korea?

A

•Forced Koryo’s rulers to pay immense tributes, enslaved many Koreans

–Took artisans to China

–Forced men to serve in Yuan military

38
Q

By 1300s, Mongol Yuan dynasty weakened.

What happend after?

Who rule Korea from then on?

A

•1300s, Yuan dynasty weakened

–Koreans rebelled against Yuan

–1392, Korean general founded new dynasty, ruled until 1910

History Patterns - Unit 5 (11 decks)

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