Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

000 Radiation Safety > Radiation Safety > Flashcards

Radiation Safety Flashcards

1
Q

what is the absorbed dose?

A

amount of ENERGY DEPOSITED in a medium per unit MASS of the medium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the absorbed dose measured in?

A

JOULES/Kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the unit used for absorbed dose?

A

Grays (Gy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The equivalent dose is…

A

a measure allowing different radio-biological effectiveness of different types of radiation into account.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

the equivalent dose = (formula)

A

the absorbed dose x radiation weighting factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the radiation weighting factor for X-rays, gamma rays and beta particles?

A

Wr = 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the Wr for alpha particles?

A

20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Give an example of how the equivalent dose works?

A
  • different types of radiation will penetrate tissues in very different ways…
  • e.g, alpha particle will be totally absorbed but X-rays will have further penetration (the will both also have different absorbed doses)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the unit for equivalent dose is..

A

sievert (Sv)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

if the radiation weighting factor is 1 then the absorbed dose is equal to the…

A

equivalent dose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The effective dose…

A

allows doses from different investigations of different parts of the body to be compared

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

the effective dose converts dose to an…

A

equivalent whole body dose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The tissue weighting factor is…

A

an indication of how sensitive an area is to radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

name the 5 most sensitive areas

A
  1. thyroid
  2. gonads
  3. skin
  4. breasts
  5. red bone marrow
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The effective dose = (equation)

A

equivalent dose x tissue weighting factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the effective dose is measured in…

A

Sv (sieverts)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

name 4 types of background radiation

A
  1. radon gas
  2. gamma rays
  3. cosmic rays
  4. food and drink
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the average exposure to background radiation per year in the UK?

A

2.5mSv (m= x10-3)

19
Q

Where does radon gas come from and how is it harmful?

A
  • a breakdown product of uranium in the ground (natural) and is harmful if inhaled (can cause lung cancer)
20
Q

the range of yearly exposure to radiation from radon gas is..

A

300-100,000 micro Sv

21
Q

levels of radon gas are highest indoors or outdoor?

A

indoors as levels allowed to build up

22
Q

gamma rays come from?

A

radioactivity in the earth and building materials (natural)

- the dose depends upon the material

23
Q

levels of gamma rays are highest indoor or outdoors?

A

the same in both

24
Q

the average yearly range of background radiation from gamma rays is..

A

100-1000 micro Sv

25
Q

cosmic rays come from…

A

an increase in altitude and latitude

26
Q

cosmic rays will readily penetrate…

A

aircraft and fabric of buildings

27
Q

the average yearly range of cosmic rays is…

A

200-300 micro Sv

28
Q

name 3 foods that are more radioactive than others?

A
  1. brazil nuts
  2. bananas
  3. shell fish
29
Q

what percentage of radioactive exposure is medical?

A

14%

30
Q

having a periapical or a bitewing is the equivalent of …hr long flight

A

2

31
Q

what is the effective dose of a DPT?

A

20 milli Sv

32
Q

20 milli Sv is the equivalent of a .. (2 things)

A
  1. chest x-ray

2. 3 days of background radiation

33
Q

how many X-rays are taken a year for medical purposes?

A

40, 000, 000

34
Q

how many of these are IO?

A

10, 000, 000

35
Q

how many of these are DPT?

A

3, 000, 000

36
Q

what % of dental radiographs are taken each year in the uk?

A

10 mil + 3 mil = 13 mil / 40 mil = 32.5%

37
Q

give the 2 groups of biological effects of X-rays?

A
  1. somatic

2. genetic

38
Q

what is the somatic effect?

A

one that affects the individual getting exposed

39
Q

what is the genetic effect?

A

one that affects the offspring of those irradiated

40
Q

which of the two biological effects has deterministic effects?

A

somatic

41
Q

what can non-determinstic effects also be called?

A

stochastic

42
Q

what are the somatic deterministic effects that will NOT happen in dentistry as the threshold isn’t high enough?

A
  • hair loss

- erythema of skin

43
Q

what are the somatic deterministic effects that should not but could occur in dentistry?

A
  • eye cataract (due to scatter)
  • GI upset
  • suppression of erythropoiesis
44
Q

what affects may occur to an unborn child? when are they most at risk?

A
  • reduced growth/malformations
  • death

most at risk between 2-9 weeks when organ formation occurring

000 Radiation Safety (71 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions