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Y1 GI > Presentations > Flashcards

Presentations Flashcards

1
Q 
Heartburn
Acid reflux
Water brash
Dysphagia
Odynophagia
Hoarseness
Coughing
A

Gastro oesophageal reflux disease

Investigate with endoscopy

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2
Q 
Dysphagia
Regurgitation
Substernal cramps
Weight loss
Worsening over time
A

Achalasia

Investigate with manometry

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3
Q

Intermittent dysphagia

Substernal chest pain

A

Diffuse oesophageal spasm

Investigate with manometry

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4
Q 
Feeling of fullness
Nausea
Vomiting
Weight loss
Upper abdo pain
A

Gastroparesis

Investigate with gastric emptying studies (Radioactive eggs)

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5
Q

Massive upper GI bleed

Other signs of chronic liver disease

A

Oesophageal varicies

Investigate with endoscopy

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6
Q

Epigastric pain before meals or at night, relieved by eating

A

Duodenal ulcers

Investigate with upper GI endoscopy, H.pylori test, measure gastrin conc after 2 weeks no PPIs

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7
Q

Epigastric pain related to meals
Possible weight loss
Risks: H.pylori, NSAIDs, duodenal reflux, stress

A

Gastric ulcers

Investigate with upper GI endoscopy, multiple biopsies

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8
Q

Dyspepsia + red flags

Weight loss, abdo pain, anaemia, mass, recurrent vomiting

A 
Gastric cancer (Associated zollinger-ellison syndrome)
Investigate with gastroctomy + multiple ulcer edge biopsies
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9
Q 
Dysphagia
Odynophagia
Haematemesis
Regurgitation
Weight loss
A

Oesophageal cancers

Investigate with endoscopy and CT

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10
Q

Acute severe abdominal pain
Hypovoleamia
Constant pain
(Arteriopath)

A

Acute Ischaemia of the bowel

Investigation shows raised Hb, met acidosis, gasless abdomen on AXR

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11
Q

Severe colickly pain post prandially
PR bleed
Weight loss
Malabsorption

A

Chronic small bowel ischaemia

Investigate with angiography

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12
Q 
Altered bowel habit
Nausea
Flatulence
Left sided colic releaved by defecation
Pyrexia
Elevated WCC & CRP
Tender colon
A

Diverticulitis

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13
Q

Periumbilical pain the moves the the RIF
Vomiting
Constipation
Diarrhoea

A

Acute appendicitis

Investigation shows raised WCC and CRP, USS shows appendicitis

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14
Q 
Diarrhoea +/- blood
Abdo cramps
Dehydration
Sepsis
Weight loss
Anaemia
A

Infective Colitits

Investigation of plain XR, sigmoidoscopy + biopsy, stool culture

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15
Q 
Vomiting (feculent)
Nausea
Colicky pain
Constipation
Abdo distention
Tinkling bowel sounds
A

Large bowel obstruction

Investigation plain X-ray

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16
Q

Abdo pain
Bloating
Change in bowel habit
Aggravated by stress

A

IBS

Investigation FBC, ESR, CRP, TTG to rule out other causes

17
Q 
Continuous epigastric or RUQ pain
Vomiting
Fever
Local peritonism
Murphys sign
A

Acute cholecystitis

Investigation raised WCC, USS

18
Q 
Flatulent dyspepsia
Vague abdo discomfort
Distention
Nausea
Flatulence
Fat intolerance
A

Complicated acute cholecytitis

- USS

19
Q 
Fever
Abdo pain
May have ascities
Malaised
Obstructive jaundice
A

Cholangiocarcinoma

20
Q 
Diarrhoea and bleeding
Increased bowel frequency
Tenesmus
Night rising
LIF pain
Extra intestinal: episcleritis and uveitis, liver steatosis, erythema nodosum, pyoderma gangrenosum
A

Ulcerative colitis
Investigation CRP and albumin
Plain AXR
Endoscopy

21
Q

Abdo cramps
Diarrhoea
Weigth loss

A

Crohn’s disease

Investigation CRP, albumin, platelets and B12

22
Q 
Jaundice
Lethargy
Nausea
Anorexia
Pain
Itch
Arthralgia
A

Acute liver disease

Investigation LFTs, USS, virology

23
Q 
Jaundice
Pruritus
Abdo pain
Fatigue
Hepatomegaly
Men and the UC
A

PSC
Investigation increased ALK Phos, ANA/SMA/ANCA positive
ERCP to distinguish between large and small duct disease

24
Q 
Lethargy
Piritus
Jaundice
Skin pigmentation
Xanthelasma
Hepatomegaly
Splenomegaly
A

PBS

Investigation raised AMA and decreased albumin

25
Q 
Fever
Malaise
Urticarial rash
Polyarthritis
Pleurisy
Pulmonary infiltrates
A

Autoimmune hepatitis

Investigations hyper gammaglobulinaemia +ve antibodies

26
Q 
Tiredness
Arthralgia
Impotence
Slate grey pigmentation in skin
Diabetes mellitus
Signs of chronic liver disease
Dilated cardiomyopathy
A

Haemochromatosis

Investigation serum ferritin and serum iron elevated

27
Q

Signs of liver disease
Chorea-atheitoid movements
Kayser-flesiher rings

A

Wilsons disease

Investigation high urinary copper excretion

28
Q

Emphysema

Signs of liver disease

A

Alpha 1 anti-trypsin deficiency

Investigation low serum alpha 1 antitrypsin levels

29
Q 
Fever
Malaise
Anorexia
Weight loss
RUQ pain
Jaundice is late presenting
Signs of chronic liver disease
A

Hepatic tumours

Investigation USS or CT to identify

30
Q

Painless obstructive jaundice

Epigastric pain radiating to the back and relieved by sitting forward

A

Pancreatic tumour

Investigations cholestatic jaundice, USS or CT

31
Q

Bright red blood coating stool

Possible mucosal discharge

A

Haemorrhoids

Investigation proctoscopy

32
Q

Vomiting following a bout of vomiting

A

Mallory Weiss tear

Investigation endoscopy if any

33
Q

Symptoms of obstuction

Coffee bean on AXR

A

Volvulus

34
Q

Indolent (pain less) ulcer

Lateral tongue border or floor of mouth

A

Squamous cell carcinoma of the mouth

35
Q

Smooth and sore tongue

Loss of filiform papillae

A

Deficiency, likely: Iron, Vit.B12, folate

36
Q

Oral hairy leukoplakia

Present on the lateral aspect of the tongue

A

EBV related patch

Pathognomic of HIV infection

Y1 GI (7 decks)

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