Drugs Flashcards
Ondansetron
5-HT3 receptor antagonists, antiemetic
Prochlorperazine
Phenothiazines, antiemetic
Cinnarizine
Histamine (H1) receptor antagonist, antiemetic
Cyclizine
Histamine (H1) receptor antagonist, antiemetic
Metoclopramide
Dopamine (D2) receptor antagonist, anti emetic
Domperidone
Dopamine (D2) receptor antagonist, anti emetic
Sodium picosulfate
Stimulant laxative
Docusate sodium
Stimulant laxative
Glycerol suppository
Stimulant laxative
Senna
Stimulant laxative
Phosphate/citrate enemas
Osmotic laxative
Macrogols
Osmotic laxative
Lactulose
Osmotic laxative
Ispagula husk
Bulk-forming laxative
Balsalazide
Aminosalicylate (5-ASA)
Mesalazine
Aminosalicylate (5-ASA)
Codeine phosphate
Antimotility drugs
Loperamide
Antimotility drugs
Hyoscine butyl-bromide
Antimuscarinic, antispasmodic
Peptac
Compound alginate (alginate and antacid)
Gaviscon
Compound alginate (alginate and antacid)
Ranitidine
Histamine type 2 (H2) receptor antagonist
Anti-acid
Lansoprazole
PPI
Omeprazole
PPI
What are the contraindications to 5-HT3 receptor antagonists
Severe or prolonged constipation Intestinal obstruction Strictures Toxic megacolon Ischaemic colitis Crohn's disease Ulcerative colitis Diverticulitis
Ondansetron prolongs the QT interval so is best avoided in those with a prolonged QT interval
What are the adverse effects associated with 5-HT3 receptor antagonists
Consitpation most commonly
Diarrhoea and headaches less commonly
State the major indications for 5-HT3 receptor antagonists
Treatment of nausea and vomiting, namely that associated with chemo and radiotherapy along with following surgery involving general anaesthetic
Explain the MoA of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists
Competitive antagonism of 5-HT3 at the CTZ and NTS to reduce the stimulation of the vomiting centre.
Give examples of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists
Ondansetron
What are the contraindications of phenothiazines
Avoid in severe liver disease (risk of hepatotoxicity)
Avoid in cases of prostatic hyperplasia
What are the adverse effects associated with phenothiazines
Drowsiness
Postural hypotension
Long term treatment may lead to tardive dyskinesia or parkinsonism
QT prolongation may occur
State the major indications for phenothiazines
Treatment of nausea and vomiting in particular vertigo and chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (other classes are prefered)
Psychiatric disorders
Explain the MoA of phenothiazines
Competitive inhibition fo D2, H1 and M1 receptors of the vomiting centre to reduce nausea
Give examples of phenothiazines
Procloperazine
What are the contraindications for histamine (H1) receptor antagonists
Patients at risk of hepatic encephalopathy
Prostatic hyperplasia