GI Secretion

Question 1

what are the three salivary glands

Answer 1

parotid, submandibular, sublingual

Question 2

how does saliva prevent tooth decay

Answer 2

carries IgA

Question 3

what cells secrete digestive enzymes such as a-amylase

Answer 3

serous cell with zymogen granules

Question 4

where do electrolytes move in salivon

Answer 4

sodium and Cl absorbed

K and HCO3- secreted

Question 5

electrolyte modification primarily takes place in

Answer 5

striated ducts

Question 6

a fast rate of secretion will have a _____ NaCl content

Answer 6

higher

Question 7

what are the components of saliva

Answer 7

IgA, muramidase (lysozyme), lactoferrin (quenches iron), thiocyanate ions (destroys bacteria), EGF, NO leukocytes

Question 8

difference in sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation of saliva

Answer 8

sympathetic is B adrenergenic, short lived, and more viscous

Question 9

what are the effects of mineralcorticoids on Na and K

Answer 9

increase na absorption, K secretion

Question 10

what is the affect does ADH have on of Na reabsoption

Answer 10

increase

Question 11

how does parasympathetic increase salivation

Answer 11

directly and by increases blood flow

Question 12

pyloric glands contain what cells

Answer 12

G cells, secrete gastrin

Question 13

oxyntic glands contain what cells

Answer 13

prietal cells (HCl), endrocrine cells, chief cells

Question 14

surface mucous cells secrete

Answer 14

mucous and HCO3-

Question 15

what do D cells produce

Answer 15

somatostatin

Question 16

what stimulates gastrin secretion

Answer 16

gastrin, ACh, and histamine

Question 17

what transporter produces HCl in parietal cells

Answer 17

H/K atpase, source is from H2Co3 produced by CA

Question 18

blood leaving the stomach is

Answer 18

alkaline

Question 19

what converts pepsinogen to pepsin

Answer 19

HCl

Question 20

Intrinsic factor is secreted from

Answer 20

parietal cells, necessary for B12 absoprtion at distal ileum

Question 21

what nuerotransmitters does the vagus nerve use to produce gastric secretion

Answer 21

Ach, histamine

Question 22

G cells are stimulated by

Answer 22

GRO

Question 23

parietal cells histamine receptors are blocked by

Answer 23

cimetidine and rantidine

Question 24

what does somatostatin do

Answer 24

decrease gastrin (acts in duodenum)

Question 25

what peptide from small intestine and endocrine cells inhibit parietal cells

Answer 25

gastric inhibitory peptide

Question 26

acid, FA, hyperosmolar chyme in duodenum stimulate

Answer 26

enterogastrones

Question 27

what enzyme breaks down basic AA

Answer 27

trypsin

Question 28

what enzyme breaks down aromatic AA

Answer 28

chymotrypsin

Question 29

where are pancreatic enzymes produced

Answer 29

acinar cells

Question 30

HCO3 secretion in pancrease is associated with ____ tide in plasma

Answer 30

acid

Question 31

what increases pancreatic secretion

Answer 31

ACh, secretin, and CCk

Question 32

secretion from Brunner’s gland (duodenum) is inhibited by

Answer 32

sympathetic tone

Question 33

secretion from Brunner’s gland (duodenum) consists of

Answer 33

mucous and HCO3-

Question 34

secretion from Brunner’s gland (duodenum) is stimualted by

Answer 34

irritant, vagus, secretin

Question 35

sucrase, maltase, isomaltase, lactase are produced by

Answer 35

enterocytes, crypts of lieberkuhn

Question 36

what are the other functions of the crypts of lieberkuhn

Answer 36

replenishing dead/shed epithelial lining, protect the epithelial cells from damage

Question 37

what is etiology of cholera toxin

Answer 37

increase cAMP, increase Cl and H2O

Question 38

what does VIP do

Answer 38

increase small intestine secretion

Question 39

what is the large intestine response to irritation

Answer 39

excessive water and HCO3 loss

Question 40

What is the most common cancer of the small intestine

Answer 40

Lymphoma, seen in the peyer’s patches within the lamina propria

Question 41

What are the most common tumors in the LI

Answer 41

Adenocarcinoma