Lower Respiratory Tract Infections Flashcards
Describe the common organisms leading to lower respiratory infection
Bacteria;
- Strep. pneumoniae
- Haemophilus influenzae
- Moraxella catarrhalis
- Staph. aureus
Virus;
- RSV
- Parainfluenza II
- Influenza A and B
- Adenovirus
‘Atypical’ pathogens;
- Mycoplasma
- Chlamydia
- Coxiella
- Legionella
Describe how to identify the common organisms leading to lower respiratory infection
Gram-pos;
- Strep. pneumoniae
- Staph. aureus
- Pneumococcus
Gram-neg;
- H. influenzae
- Moraxella catarrhalis
Viruses;
- Antigen test
- PCR
- Virus isolation
- Serology
‘Atypical’ pathogens;
- Throat swab
- Urinary/blood antigen test
- Fluorescence microscopy
Describe the clinical management of lower respiratory infection, particularly with regard to pneumonia
- Antibiotics
- Oxygen
- IV fluids
- CPAP
- Intubation and ventilation
Be aware of the general approach to management of bronchiectasis
- Chest physiotherapy
- Antibiotics
- May need inhaled therapy: SABA/LABA, ICS
Be aware of the general approach to management of lung abscess
- Prolonged antibiotics
- Drainage via bronchial/rarely percutaneous
Describe tracheitis
- Uncommon
- “Croup that does not get better”
- Staph. or Strep.
- Antibiotics
Describe tracheitis
- Uncommon
- “Croup that does not get better”
- Staph. or Strep.
- Antibiotics
Describe bronchitis
- Common
- Pneumococcus/haemophilus
Describe bronchitis
- Common
- Pneumococcus/Haemophilus
- URTI + loose rattling cough, posttussive emesis, no wheeze/crackles
- Don’t treat
Describe bronchitis
- Common
- Endobronchial infection Pneumococcus/Haemophilus
- URTI + loose rattling cough, posttussive emesis, no wheeze/crackles
- Don’t treat
Describe bacterial bronchitis
- Disturbed mucociliary clearance
- RSV/adenovirus
- Don’t treat
Describe bronchiolitis
- Infants (30-40%)
- RSV, parainfluenza III, HMPV
- Blocked nose, tachypnoea, poor feeding
- Crackles +/- wheeze
- Max. observation, min. intervention
Describe bronchiolitis
- Infants (30-40%)
- RSV, parainfluenza III, HMPV
- Blocked nose, tachypnoea, poor feeding
- Crackles +/- wheeze
- Max. observation, min. intervention
- NPA, O2 SAT
Define lower respiratory tract infection
- 48 hours, fever, SOB, grunting, cough
- Wheeze: bacterial unlikely
- Reduced or bronchial breath sounds
Summarise the treatment of LRTIs
- Oxygenation, hydration, nutrition
- Tracheitis: augmentin
- LRTI/pneumonia: oral amoxycillin
- Empyema: IV antibiotics
