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Physiology 202 > Practical 4 > Flashcards

Practical 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Gross anatomy of the Kidney

A
  1. renal medulla
  2. renal cortex
  3. renal column
  4. renal capsule
  5. renal pyramid
  6. renal papilla
  7. minor calyx
  8. major xalyx
  9. renal artery
  10. renal vein
  11. hilum
  12. renal pelvis
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2
Q

physiology of ureters, bladder and urethra

A
  • hydrostatic pressure, peristalsis, and graity drive movement thru ureter
  • detrusor muscle voids bladder
  • ureter are same in men and women (25-30 cm)
  • urethra is significantly longer in men (15-20cm) than women (4cm)
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3
Q

gross anatomy of ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra

A
  1. internal urethral orifice
  2. ureters
  3. detrusor muscle (inner long and outer circle layers)
  4. uteral openings
  5. trigone
  6. internal urethral sphincter (invol)
  7. urethra
  8. external urethral sphincter (vol)
  9. external urethral orifice (transitional epithelium like ureter)
    10.
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4
Q

Male gross anatomy

A
  1. rectum
  2. anus
  3. ureter
  4. urinary bladder
  5. uretal opening
  6. internal urethral orifice
  7. prostatic urethra
  8. membranous urethra
  9. spongy urethra
  10. external urethral orifice
  11. urogenital diaphragm
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5
Q

female gross anatomy

A
  1. rectum
  2. anus
  3. uterus
  4. bladder
  5. internal urethral orifice
  6. urethra
  7. urogenital diaphragm
  8. external urethral orifice
  9. vagina
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6
Q

nephron phyiology

A

nephrons are the function units of the kidney

  • functions are to filter blood plasma
  • altra filtrate is the initial filtered substance
  • urine is what the filtered substance becomes
  • uses osmolytes to assist in modifying filtered substances
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7
Q

nephron anatomy

A
  1. bowmans capsule
  2. proximal convoluted tubule
  3. descending limb of loop of henle
  4. ascending limb of loop of henle
  5. distal convoluted tubule
  6. collecting duct
  7. papillary duct
  8. glomerulus
  9. bowmans capsule
  10. renal corpuscle (8+9)
  11. peritubular capillary
  12. efferent arteriole (thin, out)
  13. afferent arteriole (thicker, in)
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8
Q

renal flow (in order)

A

A.

Renal Arteries (8)

B.

Segmental Arteries (not shown)

–

There is no segmental vein!

C.

Interlobar Arteries (7)

–

Between lobes

D.

Arcuate Arteries (6)

–

Arcs above pyramid

E.

Interlobular Arteries (AKA Cortical Radiate) (5)

–

Between lobules

F.

Afferent Arterioles (1)

G.

Glomerulus (labeled)

–

What happens here?***

H.

Efferent Arterioles (2)

–

Efferent exits

I.

Peritubular capillaries (cortical) (4) OR Vasa recta (medullary) (3)

J.

Interlobular Veins (13)

K.

Arcuate Veins (12)

L.

Interlobar Veins (11)

M.

Renal Vein (10

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9
Q

Nephron histology

A
  1. proximal and distal convoluted tubes
  2. glomerulus
  3. loop of henle and collecting ducts
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10
Q

type of cells in proximal and distal convoluted tubes

A

simple cuboidal –> active (not diffusive) i.e. transport

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11
Q

Loop of henle(s) types of cells

A
  • thin descending limb= simple squamous (diffusive)
  • thin ascending limb= simple squamous (diffusive)
  • thick ascending limb= simple cuboidal and low columnar (not diffusive)
  • collecting duct= simple cuboidal
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12
Q

nephron histology (1225x)

A
  1. glomerulus
    - mesangial= regulate filtration slit diaphragm
    - podocytes= regulate filtration slit diaphragm
    - simple squamous= passive diffusion
  2. parietal latyer of bowmans capsule
  3. capsular/bowmans space
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13
Q

ureter histology (image)

A
  1. transitional epithelium of mucosa
  2. lamina propria of mucosa
  3. lumen
  4. mucosa
  5. muscularis
  6. adventitia
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14
Q

loop of henle (LOH) function

A
  • filtration
    • hydrostatic pressure in glomerulus allows blood plasma to pass proteins in bowmans space
  • tubular reabsorption
    • water and solutes cross renal tubule wall from lumen into ISF and eventually blood
  • tubular secretion
    • solutes leave vasa recta or peritubular capillaries to enter ISF and eventually luman or renal tubule
  • micturition/excretion
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15
Q

reabsorption of PCT (prox convoluted tubule)

A
  • glucose reabsorption
  • simple cuboidal
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16
Q

reabsorption of descending limb of LOH

A
  • water reabsorption
    • simple squamous
17
Q

reabsorption of ascending limb of LOH

A
  • thin ascending limb
    • water reabsorb
    • simple squamous
  • thick ascending limb
    • NaCl reabsorb
    • simple squamous
18
Q

distal convoluted tube reabsoption

A
  • NaCl reabsorption
  • secrete potassium
  • no microvilli on cuboidal
19
Q

collecting duct reabsorption

A
  • reabsorbs salt and water
20
Q

kideny cortex histology slides

A
21
Q

renal corpuscle histology slides

A
22
Q

ureter histology slides

A
23
Q

muscle layers of ureter slides

A
24
Q

summary of ADH+ aquaporins (facultative)

and

ADH (obligatory) water loss

A
  • obligatory
    • loss of water that always occurs, regardless of state fo hydration of the body. includes water lost through breating and skin as well as feces and urine
  • facultative
    • controlled water loss. dependent upon degree of hydration of body and is hormonally regulated in distal convoluted, tubule collecting tubule and nephrons
25
Q

urine related vocab:

  • glucosuria=
  • hematuria=
  • pyuria=
  • albuminuria=
  • ketonuria=
  • UTI=
A
  • glucosuria= presence of glucose
  • hematuria= presence of erythrocyte
  • pyuria= presence of WBC
  • albuminuria= see it with glucosuria
  • ketonuria= presence of ketones
  • UTI= presence of microbes
26
Q
A

Physiology 202 (12 decks)

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